中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (08): 985-994.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0454

• 论著·专病管理·多发性骨髓瘤 • 上一篇    下一篇

双靶点嵌合抗原受体-T细胞治疗复发难治多发性骨髓瘤患者疗效和安全性的Meta分析

于海搏, 张天宇, 李新, 张佳佳, 申曼, 詹晓凯, 汤然, 范斯斌, 赵凤仪, 黄仲夏*()   

  1. 100020 北京市,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院血液与肿瘤科
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-16 修回日期:2023-09-10 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2023-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 黄仲夏

  • 作者贡献:于海搏负责研究设计、文献检索、筛选、评价、资料提取、统计分析和论文撰写;张天宇负责文献检索、筛选、评价、资料提取;李新、张佳佳、申曼、詹晓凯为论文修改提供建议;汤然、范斯斌、赵凤仪为研究设计及方法提供建议;黄仲夏主导了本项目的研究思路、论文质控和修改和英文编辑部分。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市科技计划项目(Z171100000417010); 北京市石景山区卫生与健康委员会医学重点学科建设项目(石卫健医发〔2021〕2号)

Efficacy and Safety of Dual-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy in Patients with Refractory-relapsed Multiple Myeloma: a Meta-analysis

YU Haibo, ZHANG Tianyu, LI Xin, ZHANG Jiajia, SHEN Man, ZHAN Xiaokai, TANG Ran, FAN Sibin, ZHAO Fengyi, HUANG Zhongxia*()   

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2023-06-16 Revised:2023-09-10 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2023-12-19
  • Contact: HUANG Zhongxia

摘要: 背景 嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞免疫疗法已在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中取得较好的疗效,最常见的靶点为B细胞成熟抗原(BCMA)。单靶点CAR-T细胞免疫疗法的缺点是会导致疾病抵抗和复发,可能与抗原逃逸有关。为此,改进开发了双靶点CAR-T细胞治疗复发难治多发性骨髓瘤(RRMM),此方面尚缺乏系统的临床分析。 目的 对RRMM患者应用双靶点CAR-T细胞免疫疗法治疗的有效性及安全性进行Meta分析。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网7个数据库中有关双靶点CAR-T细胞治疗RRMM的单组率研究,检索时限为建库至2023-02-06。由2名研究人员使用自制的数据表单来提取收集数据,并采用非随机对照试验方法学评价指标进行文献质量评价。采用R Studio软件进行数据分析。 结果 共纳入9篇文献,包括200例既往接受过多线治疗的RRMM患者。双靶点CAR-T细胞疗法根据不同靶点可分为4类:BCMA+CD19、BCMA+CD38,BCMA+跨膜剂与钙调节亲环素配体的相互作用者(TACI)、BCMA+人信号淋巴细胞激活分子家族成员7(CS1),其中BCMA+CD19靶点的研究较多。根据输注形式不同CAR-T细胞疗法可分为4类:双特异性CAR-T细胞、联合或序贯输注两种不同CAR-T细胞、双顺反子结构、共转导。Meta分析显示,双靶点CAR-T细胞治疗RRMM的总缓解率(ORR)为90.0%(95%CI=0.849~0.943),完全缓解率(CRR)为54.6%(95%CI=0.416~0.673),微小残留病(MRD)阴性率为75.6%(95%CI=0.489~0.952),髓外病变(EMD)总缓解率为55.1%(95%CI=0.234~0.851),最后一次随访时的复发率为29.7%(95%CI=0.141~0.454),最后一次随访时的生存率为75.6%(95%CI=0.554~0.915),3~4级细胞释放因子综合征(CRS)发生率为16.4%(95%CI=0.094~0.245),神经毒性(ICANS)发生率为4.0%(95%CI=0~0.120)。敏感性分析提示结果稳定。Egger's检验结果显示,ORR(P=0.03)及EMD总缓解率(P=0.02)提示存在一定的偏倚风险;CRR(P=0.53)、MRD阴性率(P=0.79)、最后一次随访时的复发率(P=0.71)、生存率(P=0.98)、3~4级CRS发生率(P=0.90)、ICANS发生率(P=0.30)提示不存在发表偏倚。 结论 双靶点CAR-T细胞免疫治疗RRMM显示出良好的疗效和安全性,未来需要多中心、大样本、更长随访期的研究来进一步评估其疗效和安全性。

关键词: 多发性骨髓瘤, 复发难治多发性骨髓瘤, 双靶点CAR-T细胞免疫疗法, Meta分析

Abstract:

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -T cell immunotherapy has achieved good therapeutic effect in multiple myeloma (MM) , and the most common target is B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) . The disadvantage of single target CAR-T cell immunotherapy is that it can lead to disease resistance and recurrence, which may be related to antigen escape. Therefore, the dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for refractory-relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM) has been improved and developed, but there is still a lack of systematic clinical analysis in this field.

Objective

A meta-analysis was conducted on the efficacy and safety of dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for RRMM patients.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched for single-group rate studies on dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy in patients with RRMM from inception to 2023-02-06. The data were extracted for collection by 2 investigators using a self-designed form and the quality of literature was evaluated using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) . The data analysis was conducted using RStudio software.

Results

A total of 9 clinical studies, involving 200 RRMM patients who had previously received multi-line therapy were included in the study. Dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy can be mainly divided into four categories based on different targets of BCMA/CD19, BCMA/CD38, BCMA/TACI, and BCMA/CS1, of which the BCMA+CD19 target is more studied. Dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy also can be divided into four categories of bispecific categories, combined/sequential infusion of two different CAR-T cells, bicistronic or cotransduction according to the different forms of infusion. Meta-analysis showed that the overall response rate (ORR) of dual-targeted CAR-T cells for RRMM was 90.0% (95%CI=0.849-0.943) , and the complete response rate (CRR) was 54.6% (95%CI=0.416-0.673) , the negative rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) was 75.6% (95%CI=0.489-0.952) , the ORR of extramedullary diseases (EMD) was 55.1% (95%CI=0.234-0.851) , the recurrence rate at the last follow-up was 29.7% (95%CI=0.141-0.454) , and the survival rate was 75.6% (95%CI=0.554-0.915) . The incidence of grade 3 to 4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was 16.4% (95%CI=0.094-0.245) , and the incidence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) was 4.0% (95%CI=0-0.120) . Sensitivity analysis suggested stable results. The results of Egger's test indicated a potential bias risk for ORR (P=0.03) and overall response rate of EMD (P=0.02) . Meanwhile, no publication bias was suggested for CRR (P=0.53) , MRD negative rate (P=0.79) , recurrence rate at the last follow-up (P=0.71) , survival rate (P=0.98) , incidence of grade 3-4 CRS (P=0.90) , and incidence of ICANS (P=0.30) .

Conclusion

Dual-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for RRMM has shown favorable efficacy and safety, and multicenter, large-sample, and longer follow-up studies are needed to further evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Key words: Multiple myeloma, Refractory-relapsed multiple myelomachimeric, Antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, Meta-analysis