中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (20): 2808-2815.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0422

• 论著·慢性病共病专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

广西壮族自治区乡镇卫生院多重慢病患者治疗负担现状及影响因素研究

王璇1,2, 申颖3,*(), 奚谦4, 赵璨1, 莫云坚1, 张文婷5   

  1. 1.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学第一附属医院全科医学科
    2.537619 广西壮族自治区玉林市博白县东平中心卫生院
    3.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学全科医学院
    4.530229 广西壮族自治区南宁市江南区延安镇卫生院
    5.537624 广西壮族自治区玉林市博白县龙潭中心卫生院
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-20 修回日期:2026-02-16 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 申颖

  • 作者贡献:

    王璇负责实施问卷调查和论文撰写;申颖提出研究思路,设计研究方案、修订论文并对论文整体负责;王璇、奚谦、莫云坚和张文婷负责量表数据收集;王璇和赵璨负责统计学分析和结果呈现。

  • 基金资助:
    广西自然科学基金面上项目(2025GXNSFAA069380,2020GXNSFAA238019)

Research on Treatment Burden and Influencing Factors of Patients with Multimorbidity in Rural Township Health Centers in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

WANG Xuan1,2, SHEN Ying3,*(), XI Qian4, ZHAO Can1, MO Yunjian1, ZHANG Wenting5   

  1. 1. Department of General Practice, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    2. Dongping Central Township Health Center, Bobai County, Yulin 537619, China
    3. General Practice School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    4. Yan'an Township Health Center, Jiangnan District, Nanning 530229, China
    5. Longtan Central Township Health Center, Bobai County, Yulin 537624, China
  • Received:2025-07-20 Revised:2026-02-16 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-06-05
  • Contact: SHEN Ying

摘要: 背景 我国居民多重慢病患病率高,当前研究多聚焦城市人群,农村基层医疗机构多重慢病患者治疗负担现状和影响因素仍不明确。 目的 调查广西乡镇卫生院多重慢病患者治疗负担现状和影响因素,为提高农村基层医疗机构多重慢病防治工作成效提供以治疗负担为视角的研究证据。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,以地理方位和2022年广西乡镇卫生院年收入为分层标志,抽取广西壮族自治区梧州市、南宁市、玉林市和桂林市4市所辖的8家乡镇卫生院为样本机构,再以随机系统抽样法抽取2024年1—6月各样本机构门诊就诊和住院部收治的多重慢病患者为调查对象。招募8名调查员采用老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表现场调查,收集治疗负担评分数据,依据量表总分和各维度总分的百分位数,将治疗负担分为高、中、低3个等级。采用多元线性回归分析患者治疗负担的影响因素。 结果 发放问卷484份,回收有效问卷452份,有效回收率为93.4%。452例患者治疗负担总分的中位数为67(55,78)分,为高负担;自我管理、经济和心理维度得分以及8个条目得分均为高负担。452例患者中,低负担者24例(5.3%),中负担者197例(43.6%)和高负担者231例(51.1%)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,汉族(B=-5.288,95%CI=-8.341~-2.235)、已婚者(B=-8.489,95%CI=-12.598~-4.380)和主要照顾者包含自己者(B=-4.999,95%CI=-8.738~-1.261)与治疗负担降低相关(P<0.05);家庭人均月收入<1 000元(B=10.817,95%CI=5.091~16.543)和1 000~2 999元(B=6.372,95%CI=1.624~11.119)、小学及以下文化程度(B=6.081,95%CI=1.547~10.615)、多重慢病年限≥5年(B=3.233,95%CI=0.122~6.343)、近1年住院次数≥2次(B=9.225,95%CI=6.170~12.281)和城乡居民医保(B=8.193,95%CI=0.279~16.108)与治疗负担升高相关(P<0.05)。 结论 广西乡镇卫生院多重慢病患者呈现高水平的治疗负担体验,自我管理、经济和心理维度的负担尤为突出,治疗负担各影响因素之间存在复杂多样的相互作用。农村基层医疗机构应关注多重慢病患者的治疗负担,采取综合多层次措施降低其负担水平,提高多重慢病医疗照护效果。

关键词: 治疗负担, 多重慢病, 现状研究, 乡镇卫生院, 影响因素

Abstract:

Background

The prevalence of multimorbidity among Chinese residents is high, yet current researches predominantly focus on urban populations. The current situation and influencing factors of treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity in rural primary health care institutions remain unclear.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the current situation and associated factors of treatment burden in patients with multimorbidity in township health centers in Guangxi, and to provide research evidence from the viewpoint of treatment burden for improving multimorbidity prevention and treatment in rural primary health care institutions.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified random sampling was performed based on geography and 2022 Township health centers income in Guangxi, to select 8 township health centers in 4 cities, including Wuzhou, Nanning, Yulin, and Guilin, in Guangxi as sample institutions. Then, a random systematic sampling was conducted to recognize multimorbidity patients who visited the outpatient department or were admitted to the inpatient department of each sample institution from January to June 2024 as study subjects. Eight investigators were recruited to implement on-site investigations using the Multiple Chronic Diseases Treatment Burden Scale for collecting treatment burden data. According to the percentiles of the total scale score and dimension-specific total scores, treatment burden was categorized into three levels: high, medium, and low. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify influencing factors of treatment burden.

Results

A total of 484 questionnaires were distributed and 452 valid responses received, yielding a valid response rate of 93.4%. The median total treatment burden score among 452 patients was 67 (55, 78), indicting a high burden. Scores on the self-management, economic, and psychological dimensions, as well as scores on eight individual items, were also classified as high burden. Of the 452 patients, 24 (5.3%) were identified as having low treatment burden, 197 (43.6%) as having medium burden, and 231 (51.1%) as having high burden. Multiple linear regression revealed that Han nationality (B=-5.288, 95%CI=-8.341 to -2.235), married individuals (B=-8.489, 95%CI= -12.598 to -4.380), and those involving in self-care (B=-4.999, 95%CI= -8.738 to -1.261) were associated with lower treatment burden (P<0.05). In addition, the following factors were associated with higher treatment burden (P<0.05): per capita monthly household income <1 000 yuan (B=10.817, 95%CI=5.091-16.543) or 1 000-2 999 yuan (B=6.372, 95%CI=1.624-11.119), primary school education or below (B=6.081, 95%CI=1.547-10.615), multimorbidity course ≥5 years (B=3.233, 95%CI=0.122-6.343), ≥2 hospitalizations in the past year (B=9.225, 95%CI=6.170-12.281), and enrollment in the urban-rural resident basic medical insurance (B=8.193, 95%CI=0.279-16.108).

Conclusion

Multimorbidity patients in township health centers of Guangxi reported a high level of treatment burden experience, with particularly pronounced burdens in the self-management, economic, and psychological dimensions. The influencing factors of treatment burden exhibited complex and multifaceted interactions. Rural primary healthcare institutions should pay attention to treatment burden of patients with multimorbidity, implement comprehensive, multi-level interventions to reduce its level, and improve the outcomes of multimorbidity care.

Key words: Treatment burden, Multimorbidity, Current situation research, Township health centers, Influencing factors

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