中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (08): 995-1006.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.01.046

所属专题: 高血压最新文章合集

• 医学循证 • 上一篇    下一篇

醛固酮受体拮抗剂螺内酯治疗难治性高血压疗效和安全性的Meta分析

张平*, 邹婧, 高存州, 吴爱萍, 李蓉山   

  1. 554300 贵州省铜仁市,贵州健康职业学院基础医学部
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-12 修回日期:2021-11-25 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 张平
  • 基金资助:
    铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研〔2020〕90号)

Efficacy and Safety of Spironolactone in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertensiona Meta-analysis

ZHANG Ping*ZOU JingGAO CunzhouWU AipingLI Rongshan   

  1. Department of Basic MedicineGuizhou Health Vocational CollegeTongren 554300China

    *Corresponding authorZHANG PingLecturerE-mail545077638@qq.com

  • Received:2021-07-12 Revised:2021-11-25 Published:2022-03-15 Online:2022-03-02

摘要: 背景难治性高血压是一种特殊类型的高血压,病因复杂,治疗难度大,更易引起靶器官损害。近年研究发现,在难治性高血压患者三联常用降压药物治疗基础上添加小剂量螺内酯能有效控制血压。但这些研究规模普遍较小,其有效性与安全性尚需进一步验证。目的系统评价螺内酯治疗难治性高血压的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台,筛选螺内酯治疗难治性高血压的随机对照研究,检索时间为建库至2021-05-03。由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入20项研究。9项研究未报告随机化分组方法,1项研究按纳入顺序编号奇偶分配(错误的随机化方法),7项研究未描述是否采用盲法,4项研究为开放标签,3项研究描述了分配隐藏,1项研究结果数据不完整、未报告对照组治疗后的安全性指标。Meta分析结果显示,疗效方面:与安慰剂和空白对照相比,螺内酯降低诊室血压、24 h动态血压、日间血压及夜间血压的效果好(P<0.05);与其他降压药物总体相比,螺内酯降低诊室收缩压、24 h动态血压、日间收缩压、夜间收缩压及家庭自测收缩压的效果好(P<0.05);与肾脏去交感神经术相比,螺内酯降低日间血压及夜间收缩压的效果好(P<0.05)。安全性方面:与安慰剂相比,应用螺内酯患者的血钾及血肌酐水平高(P<0.05);与其他降压药物总体相比,应用螺内酯患者的血钾水平升高(P<0.05);与肾脏去交感神经术相比,应用螺内酯患者的血肌酐水平升高(P<0.05)。结论螺内酯治疗难治性高血压是相对有效及安全的,但受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,该结论尚需更多高质量研究予以证实。

关键词: 高血压, 盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂, 螺内酯, 难治性高血压, Meta分析, 安全, 治疗结果

Abstract: Background

As a special type of hypertension, resistant hypertension has complex etiology, is difficult to treat, and more likely to lead to target organ damage. Recent studies have found that common triple combination antihypertensive therapies plus low-dose spironolactone could effectively control blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, but the efficacy and safety of such treatments need to be further verified due to small scales of these studies.

Objective

To perform a systematical review of the efficacy and safety of spironolactone for resistant hypertension.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on spironolactone for resistant hypertension were identified in databases of PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Date from inception to May 3rd, 2021. Two researchers separately screened the RCTs, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of eligible studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3.

Results

Twenty RCTs were included, nine of which did not report randomization methods, one used randomization based on the sequence of numbers including odd and even numbers of admission (pseudo-randomization) , seven did not report whether blinding was used, four were open-labeled, three described allocation concealment, and one had no complete results with no safety parameters for post-treatment of the controls. Meta-analysis revealed that compared to placebo and blank control groups, spironolactone-treated group had much lower clinic blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) , daytime blood pressure and nighttime blood pressure (P<0.05) . Compared with patients treated with other antihypertensive drugs, spironolactone-treated patients had notably lower clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) , 24-hour ABP, daytime SBP, nighttime SBP and self-measured home SBP (P<0.05) . Compared with those treated with renal nerve denervation, spironolactone-treated patients had significantly reduced daytime blood pressure and nighttime SBP (P<0.05) .In terms of safety, compared with those treated with placebo, spironolactone-treated patients had elevated serum potassium and creatinine (P<0.05) . Compared with patients treated with other antihypertensive drugs, spironolactone-treated patients had elevated serum potassium level (P<0.05) . Compared with those with renal nerve denervation, spironolactone-treated patients had elevated serum creatinine level (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Comparatively speaking, spironolactone is effective and safe for resistant hypertension. Due to limited quantity and quality of included studies, the conclusion still needs to be further verified by more high-quality studies.

Key words: Hypertension, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, Spironolactone, Resistant hypertension, Meta-analysis, Safety, Treatment outcome

中图分类号: