中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (32): 4001-4006.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0268

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

使用固体燃料与中国老年人高血压发病风险的前瞻性队列研究

张帅1, 李琴2, 李东锋1, 肖金平1, 李云鹏1,*()   

  1. 1.442008 湖北省十堰市,湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院心血管内科
    2.442008 湖北省十堰市,湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院血液内科
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-28 修回日期:2023-06-18 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 李云鹏

  • 作者贡献:张帅提出研究理念,负责数据收集、数据整理、统计学分析、论文撰写;李琴负责数据整理,提供统计学设计思路,论文修订;李东锋负责项目管理、思路指导;肖金平进行统计学计算和可行性分析;李云鹏提供资源,对文章进行监督管理和审查,对文章负责。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省十堰市科学技术局引导性科研项目(21Y86); 湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院专项科研基金项目(2022Q01)

A Prospective Cohort Study of Solid Fuels Use and Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Older Adults

ZHANG Shuai1, LI Qin2, LI Dongfeng1, XIAO Jinping1, LI Yunpeng1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442008, China
    2. Hematology Department, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442008, China
  • Received:2023-04-28 Revised:2023-06-18 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-06-28
  • Contact: LI Yunpeng

摘要: 背景 人口老龄化造成以高血压为代表的慢性病患病率显著增加,带来了严重的医疗负担。我国目前仍有约4.5亿人口使用固体燃料烹饪或取暖,而由其产生的室内空气污染是中国面临的重要公共卫生问题。目前固体燃料的使用与中国老年人高血压发病风险之间的关系目前尚不清楚。目的 通过前瞻性队列研究分析在中国城乡地区使用固体燃料与老年人高血压发病风险的关联,以便为老年高血压的防治提供理论依据。方法 本研究为前瞻性队列研究。数据来源于2011—2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查问卷(CLHLS),采用基线问卷和体格检查收集数据。纳入2011—2012年队列研究中1 453名基线非高血压人群为研究对象,年龄为≥65岁老年人,随访截至2018-12-31,以随访发生高血压为结局指标。根据烹饪燃料来源将研究对象分为清洁燃料(电磁炉等电器,管道天然气,太阳能)组(654名)和固体燃料(木炭,煤油,煤炭,柴草)组(799名)。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析固体燃料烹饪与高血压发病风险之间的关系。结果 基线共纳入1 453名非高血压人群,平均年龄(77.6±8.8)岁,中位随访时间7年,结局发生高血压共838名。本研究结果显示,农村地区使用固体燃料烹饪比例高于城市(70.3%与1.1%,P<0.05)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,使用固体燃料烹饪可以增加老年人高血压的发病风险〔HR=1.20,95%CI(1.05,1.38),P=0.01〕,调整协变量后仍表明使用固体燃料烹饪可以增加老年人高血压的发病风险〔HR=1.21,95%CI(1.04,1.41),P=0.01〕。此外,使用固体燃料烹饪与异常平均动脉压(MAP)呈正相关〔HR=1.26,95%CI(1.02,1.55),P=0.03〕;在调整协变量后仍显示,使用固体燃料烹饪与异常MAP呈正相关〔HR=1.28,95%CI(1.02,1.60),P=0.03〕。结论 在中国城乡地区使用固体燃料烹饪会增加老年人高血压的发病风险,而且可以影响MAP。减少使用固体燃料烹饪、提倡使用清洁燃料是高血压防控中一种简单、有效的措施。

关键词: 高血压, 空气污染, 室内, 固体燃料, 清洁燃料, 老年人, 前瞻性研究, 队列研究

Abstract:

Background

The prevalence of hypertension in population is still increasing by year, and the significant increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases caused by aging of the population results in a serious medical burden. There are still about 450 million people in China who use solid fuels for cooking or heating, causing indoor air pollution as an important public health problem in China. At present, the relationship between solid fuels use and the risk of hypertension in Chinese older adults still remains unclear.

Objective

To analyze the association between solid fuels use and the risk of hypertension in older adults in urban and rural areas of China through a prospective cohort study, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the elderly.

Methods

This study is a prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from 2011 to 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) by using baseline questionnaire and physical examination. A total of 1 453 non-hypertensive older adults aged 65 years and above from 2011 to 2012 cohort were included in the study, and the occurrence of hypertension during follow-up was considered as the outcome indicator, follow-up as of 2018-12-31. The included subjects were divided into the clean fuel (electrical appliances such as induction cooker, pipeline natural gas, solar energy) group (n=654) and solid fuel (charcoal, kerosene, coal, firewood) group (n=799). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the association between cooking with solid fuels and the risk of hypertension.

Results

A total of 1 453 non-hypertensive older adults at baseline with an average age of (77.6±8.8) years and a median follow-up of 7 years, and a total of 838 people developed hypertension at the outcome. The results of this study showed that the proportion of cooking with solid fuels in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (70.3% vs. 1.1%, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that cooking with solid fuels significantly increased the risk of hypertension〔HR=1.20, 95%CI (1.05, 1.38), P=0.01〕, and the adjustment for covariates still indicated that it increased the risk of hypertension〔HR=1.21, 95%CI (1.04, 1.41), P=0.01〕. In addition, cooking with solid fuels was positively associated with abnormal mean arterial pressure (MAP) 〔HR=1.26, 95%CI (1.02, 1.55), P=0.03〕; and the adjustment for covariates still showed positive association of it with abnormal MAP〔HR=1.28, 95%CI (1.02, 1.60), P=0.03〕.

Conclusion

Cooking with solid fuels in urban and rural areas of China significantly increases the risk of hypertension in the elderly, as well as affects MAP. Reducing the use of solid fuels for cooking and promoting the use of clean fuels is a simple and effective measure in the prevention and control of hypertension.

Key words: Hypertension, Air pollution, indoor, Solid fuel, Clean fuel, Aged, Prospective studies, Cohort studies