中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (07): 830-835.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0559

所属专题: 健康公平性最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集

• 论著·人群健康研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏回族自治区试点县中老年人健康公平性及其分解分析

马喜民1,2, 李培雯1,2, 贺嘉慧1,2, 杨甲飞1,2, 乔慧1,2,*()   

  1. 1.750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院流行病与卫生统计学系
    2.750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-27 修回日期:2022-12-24 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 乔慧

  • 作者贡献:李培雯负责论文撰写前的数据整理和清洗;马喜民撰写论文,并负责文献检索与数据分析;贺嘉慧对模型进行理论指导;杨甲飞提出论文研究思路;乔慧为研究提供基金支持,并对论文的研究设计和关键内容进行修改。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目--宁夏医改试点县农村居民卫生服务利用、费用负担及公平性的动态变化与医保补偿政策的关系研究(71864030); 国家自然科学基金资助项目--宁夏南部山区农村家庭健康贫困及其脆弱性的动态变化、影响因素与多维治理研究(72164033); 宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(公共卫生与预防医学)资助项目(NXYLXK2017B08)

Health Equity and Its Decomposition Analysis among Middle-aged and Older Adults in Pilot Counties of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

MA Ximin1,2, LI Peiwen1,2, HE Jiahui1,2, YANG Jiafei1,2, QIAO Hui1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
    2. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • Received:2022-07-27 Revised:2022-12-24 Published:2023-03-05 Online:2023-01-12
  • Contact: QIAO Hui

摘要: 背景 我国人口老龄化形势日益严峻,中老年人健康问题不容忽视,农村中老年人的健康公平性问题备受关注。宁夏回族自治区南部山区地理位置偏远,中老年人健康状况更加不容乐观,但针对该地区中老年人健康公平性的研究相对较少。 目的 调查宁夏回族自治区医改试点县(海原县、盐池县)中老年人的健康公平性,并分析各影响因素对健康不公平的贡献程度,为改善中老年人健康和完善相关卫生政策提供依据。 方法 于2022年1—3月,从"农村居民家庭健康询问调查"2019年随访数据中,筛选出常住家庭(在相应县居住≥1年)的中老年人(年龄≥45岁)为研究对象(n=5 908)。以两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率为因变量,以性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、职业、饮用水类型、家庭人均年收入为自变量。采用集中指数分析中老年人健康公平性,采用集中指数分解法分析各影响因素对健康不公平的贡献程度。 结果 海原县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的集中指数分别为0.030 0、0.002 9、0.011 4、0.032 7,盐池县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的集中指数分别为0.000 4、-0.000 1、0.037 4、0.037 4。集中指数分解显示:性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、饮用水类型、家庭人均年收入水平是中老年人健康不公平的主要原因,其中年龄、家庭人均年收入对健康不公平的贡献较大。年龄对海原县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的贡献率分别为-11.92%、-152.57%、-27.76%、7.80%,对盐池县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的贡献率分别为-334.79%、1 117.94%、-45.45%、-25.44%;家庭人均年收入水平对海原县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的贡献率分别为35.41%、-0.31%、2.08%、22.03%,对盐池县中老年人两周患病率、慢性病患病率、两周卧床率、两周休工率的贡献率分别为86.88%、-165.24%、37.13%、1.50%。 结论 整体而言,宁夏回族自治区试点县中老年人健康公平性较好,但偏向收入较高的人群,年龄对中老年人健康不公平贡献程度最大。社会应重视中老年人健康;当地基层医疗卫生机构可定期为中老年人提供免费健康检查,并对其进行健康知识宣传,以提升中老年人的健康意识;卫生行政部门应调整相关卫生政策,以更好地满足中老年人的健康需求,最终实现健康公平。

关键词: 健康公平, 中老年人, 农村卫生, 集中指数, 集中指数分解, 宁夏回族自治区

Abstract:

Background

With the severe situation of the increasingly population aging in China, the health problems of the middle-aged and older adults can not be ignored, attracting much attention on the health equity among the rural-dewlling middle-aged and older adults. The geographic remoteness of southern mountainous area in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region causes the health conditions of the middle-aged and older adults more unoptimistic. However, there are relatively few studies on the health equity among the middle-aged and older adults in this area.

Objective

To investigate the health equity of the middle-aged and older adults in the pilot counties of medical reform in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Haiyuan County and Yanchi County) and analyze the contribution degree of various influencing factors to health inequality, so as to provide a basis for improving the health of the middle-aged and older adults and relevant health policies.

Methods

From January to March in 2022, from the follow-up data of 2019 from the Family Health Inquiry Survey of Rural Residents, the middle-aged and older adults (age≥45 years old) from resident families (living in the corresponding counties for more than one year) were selected as subjects (n=5 908) . The analysis was conducted with the two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate as dependent variables, with sex, age, marital status, level of education, occupation, type of drinking water and per capita family income as independent variables. The concentration index was used to analyze the health equity of the middle-aged and older adults, and the centralized index decomposition method was used to analyze the contribution of various influencing factors to health inequality.

Results

The concentration indexes of two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate among the middle-aged and older adults in Haiyuan County were 0.030 0, 0.002 9, 0.011 4 and 0.032 7, respectively, while those of two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate among the middle-aged and older adults in Yanchi County were 0.000 4, -0.000 1, 0.037 4 and 0.037 4, respectively. The concentration index decomposition analysis showed that gender, age, level of education, occupation, type of drinking water and per capita family income are the main causes for health inequality among the middle-aged and older adults, among which age and per capita family income contribute more to health inequality. The contribution ratio of age to the two-week prevalence rate, hronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate in Haiyuan County were -11.92%, -152.57%, -27.76% and 7.80%, respectively. The contribution ratio of age to the two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate in Yanchi County were -334.79%, 1 117.94%, -45.45% and-25.44%, respectively. The contribution ratio of per capita family income to the two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate among the middle-aged and older adults in Haiyuan County were 35.41%, -0.31%, 2.08% and 22.03%, respectively. The contribution ratio to the two-week prevalence rate, chronic disease prevalence rate, two-week bedridden rate and two-week leaving rate among the middle-aged and older adults in Yanchi County were 86.88%, -165.24%, 37.13% and 1.50%, respectively.

Conclusion

Overall, the health equity among the middle-aged and older adults in the pilot counties of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is better but tilted towards those with higher incomes. Age contributes the most to health inequity among the middle-aged and older adults. The society should give higher priority to the middle-aged and older adults; Local primary health care institutions can increase the health awareness of the middle-aged and older adults by providing free health check-ups regularly and promoting health literacy to them. The health administration should adjust relevant health policies to better meet the health needs of the middle-aged and older adults and ultimately achieve health equity.

Key words: Health equity, Middle-aged and elderly people, Rural health, Concentration index, Concentration index decomposition, Ningxia