老年人照护进程中子代、隔代孝老伦理知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0624

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 背景随着老龄化趋势的加重，代际支持对老年人健康的影响逐渐引起重视，精神关怀和生活照料的缺失是老年人出现健康问题的重要因素，但缺乏科学评价养老认知水平的测评工具。目的编制老年人照护进程中子代、隔代孝老伦理知信行问卷，检验其信效度。方法于2021年4—7月，在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台等数据库中检索孝老伦理相关内容，并以知信行理论、马斯洛需求层次理论为理论框架，结合文献回顾、国家赡养法律、质性访谈确定问卷初稿，根据德尔菲专家共识及预调查的结果完善问卷。于2021年10月至2022年3月，采用随机整群抽样法抽取子代、隔代受试者各270例进行正式调查，抽取50例子代及38例隔代进行重测信度检验。共发放540份问卷，子代和隔代各270份，共回收有效问卷528份，子代和隔代各264份，有效回收率为97.8%，分析问卷信效度以确定最终问卷条目。结果形成的子代孝老伦理知信行问卷包括3个维度34个条目，探索性因子分析共产生3个公因子，累积方差贡献率为64.455%；各条目的内容效度为0.867~1.000，问卷平均内容效度为0.967；Cronbach's α系数为0.953，分半信度为0.811，重测信度为0.987。形成的隔代孝老伦理知信行问卷包括3个维度31个条目，探索性因子分析共产生3个公因子，累积方差贡献率为64.641%；各条目的内容效度为0.867~1.000，问卷平均内容效度为0.964；Cronbach's α系数为0.952，分半信度为0.837，重测信度为0.991。结论编制的问卷具有良好信效度，可作为评价老年人照护进程中子代、隔代孝老伦理知识、态度、行为现状的研究工具。

关键词: 老年人保健服务, 子代, 隔代, 孝老, 知信行, 信度, 效度

Abstract:

Background

With the aggravation of aging trend, the influence of intergenerational support on the health of the elderly has gradually attracted attention, and the absence of spiritual care and life care is an important factor for the occurrence of health problems in the elderly, but there is a lack of scientific evaluation tools to evaluate the cognitive level of old-age care.

Objective

To develop a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Filial Piety Ethics Questionnaires for Offspring and Grandchildren in the process of elderly care, and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods

From April to July 2021, the first draft of the questionnaire was determined by searching relevant contents in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, China Knowledge Network and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and using the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice and Maslow's hierarchy of needs as the theoretical framework, combined with literature review, national maintenance laws, qualitative interviews, the questionnaire was refined with results of the Delphi expert consensus and pre-survey. From October 2021 to March 2022, 270 subjects from each generation were selected for the formal survey and 50 subjects from the offspring and 38 subjects from the grangchildren were selected for test-retest reliability using the random cluster sampling method. A total of 540 questionnaires were distributed, 270 questionnaires for each generation. A total of 528 valid questionnaires were returned, 264 valid questionnaires for each generation, with a valid return rate of 97.8%. Its reliability and validity were analyzed to determine the final questionnaire entry.

Results

The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Filial Piety Ethics Questionnaires for Offsprings included 3 dimensions and 34 items. Exploratory factor analysis produced 3 factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.455%. The content validity of each item ranged from 0.867 to 1.000, and the average content validity of the questionnaire was 0.967. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.953, split-half reliability was 0.811, and test-retest reliability was 0.987. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Filial Piety Ethics Questionnaires for Grandchildren consisted of 31 items in 3 dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis produced three factors, the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.641%; the content validity of each item ranged from 0.867 to 1.000, the average content validity of the questionnaire was 0.964; Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.952, split-half reliability was 0.837, and test-retest reliability was 0.991.

Conclusion

The developed questionnaire has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a research tool to evaluate the current status of filial piety ethic knowledge, attitude and behavior of offsprings and grandchildren in the process of elderly care.

Key words: Health services for the aged, Offspring, Next generation, Filial piety, Knowledge, attitude and practice, Reliability, Validity

王钰,郝习君,陈长香,等. 老年人照护进程中子代、隔代孝老伦理知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验[J]. 中国全科医学, 2023, 26(07): 836-842. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0624.
WANG Yu,HAO Xijun,CHEN Changxiang, et al. Development, Reliability and Validity of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Filial Piety Ethics Questionnaires for Offspring and Grandchildren during Caring the Elderly[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26(07): 836-842. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0624.

图/表 7

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项目		例数	构成比（%）	项目		例数	构成比（%）
性别				职称
	男	3	20.0		中级	1	6.7
	女	12	80.0		副高级	4	26.7
年龄（岁）					高级	10	66.6
	40~49	8	53.3	工作年限（年）
	≥50	7	46.7		10~19	5	33.3
学历					20~29	6	40.0
	本科	2	13.3		≥30	4	26.7
	硕士研究生	9	60.0	是否担任硕士生导师
	博士研究生	4	26.7		是	10	66.7
					否	5	33.3

项目		例数	构成比（%）	项目		例数	构成比（%）
性别				职称
	男	3	20.0		中级	1	6.7
	女	12	80.0		副高级	4	26.7
年龄（岁）					高级	10	66.6
	40~49	8	53.3	工作年限（年）
	≥50	7	46.7		10~19	5	33.3
学历					20~29	6	40.0
	本科	2	13.3		≥30	4	26.7
	硕士研究生	9	60.0	是否担任硕士生导师
	博士研究生	4	26.7		是	10	66.7
					否	5	33.3

条目	CR	r值	条目	CR	r值
K1	4.460^a	0.468^a	P1	9.293^a	0.654^a
K2	4.513^a	0.477^a	P2	11.842^a	0.675^a
K3	4.146^a	0.477^a	P3	15.097^a	0.708^a
K4	5.239^a	0.525^a	P4	11.633^a	0.644^a
K5	4.694^a	0.504^a	P5	13.871^a	0.675^a
K6	5.606^a	0.528^a	P6	18.295^a	0.754^a
K7	5.239^a	0.512^a	P7	19.146^a	0.760^a
K8	6.168^a	0.532^a	P8	15.386^a	0.618^a
A1	14.867^a	0.749^a	P9	20.419^a	0.758^a
A2	14.075^a	0.764^a	P10	20.343^a	0.752^a
A3	12.350^a	0.670^a	P11	14.713^a	0.675^a
A4	17.018^a	0.806^a	P12	18.398^a	0.745^a
A5	14.692^a	0.748^a	P13	9.279^a	0.551^a
A6	14.863^a	0.778^a	P14	11.215^a	0.644^a
A7	14.528^a	0.741^a	P15	10.949^a	0.633^a
A8	13.453^a	0.785^a	P16	13.232^a	0.644^a
A9	14.919^a	0.766^a	P17	12.180^a	0.655^a

条目	CR	r值	条目	CR	r值
K1	4.460^a	0.468^a	P1	9.293^a	0.654^a
K2	4.513^a	0.477^a	P2	11.842^a	0.675^a
K3	4.146^a	0.477^a	P3	15.097^a	0.708^a
K4	5.239^a	0.525^a	P4	11.633^a	0.644^a
K5	4.694^a	0.504^a	P5	13.871^a	0.675^a
K6	5.606^a	0.528^a	P6	18.295^a	0.754^a
K7	5.239^a	0.512^a	P7	19.146^a	0.760^a
K8	6.168^a	0.532^a	P8	15.386^a	0.618^a
A1	14.867^a	0.749^a	P9	20.419^a	0.758^a
A2	14.075^a	0.764^a	P10	20.343^a	0.752^a
A3	12.350^a	0.670^a	P11	14.713^a	0.675^a
A4	17.018^a	0.806^a	P12	18.398^a	0.745^a
A5	14.692^a	0.748^a	P13	9.279^a	0.551^a
A6	14.863^a	0.778^a	P14	11.215^a	0.644^a
A7	14.528^a	0.741^a	P15	10.949^a	0.633^a
A8	13.453^a	0.785^a	P16	13.232^a	0.644^a
A9	14.919^a	0.766^a	P17	12.180^a	0.655^a

条目	CR	r值	条目	CR	r值
K1	12.036^a	0.611^a	A8	14.086^a	0.690^a
K2	9.458^a	0.549^a	A9	16.510^a	0.762^a
K3	6.266^a	0.490^a	P1	17.298^a	0.715^a
K4	8.488^a	0.539^a	P2	14.133^a	0.689^a
K5	8.488^a	0.553^a	P3	15.204^a	0.695^a
K6	4.480^a	0.433^a	P4	19.718^a	0.767^a
K7	8.263^a	0.540^a	P5	12.857^a	0.657^a
K8	5.901^a	0.509^a	P6	19.128^a	0.740^a
K9	7.024^a	0.485^a	P7	13.850^a	0.688^a
A1	15.407^a	0.733^a	P8	20.202^a	0.779^a
A2	14.323^a	0.742^a	P9	18.659^a	0.763^a
A3	15.338^a	0.741^a	P10	19.481^a	0.750^a
A4	13.513^a	0.714^a	P11	18.811^a	0.708^a
A5	14.277^a	0.763^a	P12	14.213^a	0.731^a
A6	12.115^a	0.677^a	P13	10.500^a	0.662^a
A7	15.617^a	0.720^a