中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (13): 1577-1583.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0748

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合集 神经退行性病变最新文章合集 老年人群健康最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集 脑健康最新研究合集

• 论著·脑健康专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区中老年人降低痴呆风险的生活方式现状及其影响因素研究

张巾英1, 彭滟1, 刘晓1, 王黎1, 李洁2, 杨燕妮1,*()   

  1. 1.400038 重庆市,陆军军医大学护理系基础护理学教研室
    2.400031 重庆市沙坪坝区童家桥社区卫生服务中心
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-11 修回日期:2023-02-13 出版日期:2023-05-05 发布日期:2023-02-23
  • 通讯作者: 杨燕妮

  • 作者贡献:张巾英、杨燕妮负责文章的构思与研究的设计;张巾英、彭滟、刘晓负责研究的实施与数据收集;张巾英负责数据分析与结果的解释,撰写论文;王黎、李洁负责提供相关行政、技术或材料支持;杨燕妮负责研究设计、研究经费的获取、论文写作指导、质量控制及审校,并对文章整体负责。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(20BRK039)

Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Status and Influencing Factors among Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Elderly Adults

ZHANG Jinying1, PENG Yan1, LIU Xiao1, WANG Li1, LI Jie2, YANG Yanni1,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
    2. Tongjiaqiao Community Health Center of Shapingba, Chongqing 400031, China
  • Received:2022-10-11 Revised:2023-02-13 Published:2023-05-05 Online:2023-02-23
  • Contact: YANG Yanni

摘要: 背景 生活方式因素是认知功能下降及痴呆发生的重要可调控性影响因素,了解社区中老年人坚持有益于降低痴呆风险的生活方式现状和影响因素是医护人员制定个性化痴呆一级预防干预措施的基础,但目前相关研究较少。 目的 了解社区中老年人降低痴呆风险的生活方式现状及其影响因素。 方法 于2021年1—10月,采用方便抽样法,选取重庆市沙坪坝区5个社区中参加社区卫生服务中心免费体检的506例中老年人为研究对象,采用自制的一般资料调查表和降低痴呆风险的生活方式量表(DRRLS)对其进行调查,比较不同特征社区中老年人DRRLS得分水平,采用有序多分类Logistic回归分析社区中老年人DRRLS得分水平的影响因素。 结果 506例中老年人DRRLS平均得分为(88.00±13.27)分,脑力活动和健脑运动维度中位条目水平得分处于低水平(≤2.00分)。不同性别、年龄、个人月收入、痴呆相关健康教育接受情况的社区中老年人DRRLS得分水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、个人月收入和是否接受过痴呆相关健康教育是社区中老年人DRRLS得分水平的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 社区中老年人降低痴呆风险的生活方式处于中等水平,应重点强调脑力活动和健脑运动在痴呆一级预防中的重要作用。在社区健康管理中,应重点关注男性、文化程度低及未接受过痴呆相关健康教育的中老年人,加强相关健康教育和预防干预,促使中老年人采纳有益于降低痴呆风险和促进脑健康的生活方式。

关键词: 痴呆, 预防, 健康生活方式, 中老年人, 脑健康, 社区卫生服务, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Lifestyle factors are important modifiable influencing factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Understanding the status and influencing factors of community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults adhering to the lifestyles conducive to dementia risk reduction will be a basis for medical workers to formulate individualized interventions for primary prevention of dementia, yet there are still few related studies.

Objective

To understand the status and influencing factors of dementia risk reduction lifestyle in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods

Five hundred and six middle-aged and elderly adults (aged 45 years and older) who had received free health check-ups in a community health center were selected from five communities in Chongqing's Shapingba District by convenience sampling from January to October 2021. The self-designed general information questionnaire and the Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Scale (DRRLS) were used to investigate. The level of DRRLS score in the participants was compare by sociodemographic characteristics. Ordinal and multinomial Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of the levels of DRRLS scores.

Results

The average score of DRRLS was (88.00±13.27). The median scores of items in mental activity and brain-benefiting exercise were at a low level (≤2.00). The level of DRRLS score in the participants varied significantly by gender, age, personal monthly income and experience of receiving dementia-related health education (P<0.05). Ordinal and multinomial Logistic regression revealed that gender, educational level, personal monthly income and experience of receiving dementia-related health education were important influencing factors of the level of DRRLS score (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

In general, the lifestyles for dementia risk reduction were assessed at a moderate level in the community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults. In the primary prevention of dementia, the effects of mental activity and brain-benefiting exercise should be emphasized. Moreover, priority in community health management should be given to men, those with a low educational level or no previous experience of receiving dementia-related health education, and relevant health education and preventive interventions should be strengthened for them. All these efforts will urge these adults to adopt a lifestyle for dementia risk reduction and brain health promotion.

Key words: Dementia, Prevention, Healthy lifestyle, Middle-aged and elderly adults, Brain health, Community health services, Root cause analysis