中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (22): 2748-2755.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0041

• 论著·健康公平性专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新医改十年宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村已婚育龄妇女卫生服务利用变迁及其公平性研究

高保锴1,2, 虎昭言1,2, 王文龙1,2, 陈可心1,2, 乔慧1,2,*()   

  1. 1.750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室
    2.750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-16 修回日期:2023-04-10 出版日期:2023-08-05 发布日期:2023-05-11
  • 通讯作者: 乔慧

  • 作者贡献: 高保锴负责提出概念、数据分析和文章撰写;虎昭言负责清洗和管理研究数据;王文龙负责文献查找、整理和归纳;陈可心负责论文撰写完成后的润色修改;乔慧为课题研究提供资金支持并对文章关键内容予以指导批复,对文章负责;所有作者均有参加到问卷调查中收集数据。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71864030,72164033); 宁夏高校一流学科建设二期重点培育学科项目(NYHLZD01)

Changes and Equity of Health Service Utilization in Married Women of Childbearing Age in Rural Mountainous Areas of Southern Ningxia after 10 Years of the New Healthcare Reform

GAO Baokai1,2, HU Zhaoyan1,2, WANG Wenlong1,2, CHEN Kexin1,2, QIAO Hui1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
    2. Ningxia Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
  • Received:2023-01-16 Revised:2023-04-10 Published:2023-08-05 Online:2023-05-11
  • Contact: QIAO Hui

摘要: 背景 将健康政策切实转化为民生福祉是我国医改的初心和使命。对于医改成效的考量作为研究热点之一,国内主要集中在横截面数据的现况研究,基于不同时点的纵向面板数据研究相对缺乏。 目的 探索宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村已婚育龄妇女在医改十年间卫生服务利用情况及变迁,并剖析产生不公平的主导因素。 方法 基于"农村居民家庭健康询问调查"2009年基线数据和2019年随访数据,采用直接标准化法对比分析新医改前后样本人群卫生服务利用变化,通过对集中指数(CI)的计算和分解来衡量公平性情况及各因素对不公平性的贡献度。 结果 2009年共纳入已婚育龄妇女4 935例,2019年共纳入已婚育龄妇女3 509例。新医改前后宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村已婚育龄妇女两周患病就诊率稍有增加,增幅为1.29%;慢性病患病就诊率明显降低,降幅为18.77%;需住院者住院率、妇科检查率、产前检查率、住院分娩率、产后访视率明显提高,其增幅分别为10.44%、8.53%、24.05%、36.52%、23.62%。2009年产后访视率CI为-0.034 5,2019年两周患病就诊率CI为-0.016 9,其他指标在两次调查中CI均为正数。经济收入、文化程度、家庭规模及年龄是不公平产生的主要因素。 结论 新医改后宁夏回族自治区南部山区农村已婚育龄妇女卫生服务利用情况全面改善且更趋于公平,但仍略偏向于高收入群体。

关键词: 妇女卫生保健服务, 农村卫生, 健康不平等, 卫生保健改革, 影响因素分析, 宁夏回族自治区

Abstract:

Background

The aim and mission of the new healthcare reform in China, namely, the healthcare reform initiated in 2009, are effectively implementing health policies to improve people's livelihood and well-being. As a domestic hot research topic, studies on the effectiveness of the new healthcare reform mainly focus on current cross-sectional data, but rarely involve longitudinal or panel data.

Objective

To explore the changes in health service utilization in married women of childbearing age in rural mountainous areas of southern Ningxia before and after 10 years of the new healthcare reform, and to identity the major causal factors of inequalities in the utilization.

Methods

This study used the results of the Rural Household Health Survey conducted in 2009 (baseline data) and in 2019 (10-year follow-up data). The direct standardization method was used to comparatively analyze the status of health service utilization in married female surveyees of childbearing age living in rural mountainous areas of southern Ningxia before and after the implementation of the new healthcare reform. The inequality in health service utilization and the contribution level of its associated contributory factors were measured by calculating and decomposing the concentration index (CI) .

Results

The number of eligible participants was 4 935 in 2009, and 3 509 in 2019. Compared with 2009, the two-week hospital visit rate showed a slight increase (1.29%) in 2019, but the rate of consultation for chronic diseases decreased significantly (18.77%). In addition, the rates of hospitalization for those requiring hospitalization, gynecological examination, antenatal examination, hospital delivery and postnatal visits increased significantly, by a factor of 10.44%, 8.53%, 24.05%, 36.52% and 23.62%, respectively. The CI values for all indicators in both surveys were greater than 0, except for those for postpartum visit rate in the 2009 survey (-0.034 5) and two-week hospital visit rate in the 2019 survey (-0.016 9). Economic income, literacy, family size and age were major contributory factors of the inequality in health service utilization.

Conclusion

After 10 years of the new healthcare reform, the utilization of health services in married women of childbearing age in the areas of Ningxia improved, and tended to be more equitable, but a slightly higher utilization rate was found in high-income individuals.

Key words: Women's health services, Rural health, Health inequities, Health care reform, Root cause analysis, Ningxia