中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (22): 3116-3122.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0689

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究·社区卫生人力管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于模糊集定性比较分析的社区卫生服务人员工作绩效的驱动因素与提升路径研究

刘迪1,2, 李琨3, 胡丙杰4,5,*(), 石磊4,5,6,7,*()   

  1. 1.150086 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨医科大学马克思主义学院
    2.150001 黑龙江省哈尔滨市,哈尔滨工程大学经济管理学院
    3.430030 湖北省武汉市,华中科技大学医药卫生管理学院
    4.511436 广东省广州市,广州医科大学卫生管理学院
    5.511436 广东省广州市,广东省高校基于大数据利用的卫生健康治理哲学社会科学重点实验室
    6.510515 广东省广州市,广东省高校健康管理政策与精准健康服务协同创新研究哲学社会科学重点实验室
    7.511436 广东省广州市,粤港澳大湾区医药健康产(行)业高质量发展法治保障研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-12-18 出版日期:2026-08-05 发布日期:2026-07-08
  • 通讯作者: 胡丙杰, 石磊

  • 作者贡献:

    刘迪提出研究思路,设计研究方案,实施研究过程及论文撰写;李琨负责数据收集、采集、清洗和分析、绘制图表及论文格式修改;刘迪、胡丙杰、石磊负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(22GLE375); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(72104098); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2023A1515010902)

Research on the Driving Factors and Enhancement Path of Job Performance of Community Health Service Personnel Based on Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

LIU Di1,2, LI Kun3, HU Bingjie4,5,*(), SHI Lei4,5,6,7,*()   

  1. 1. School of Marxism, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
    2. School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
    3. School of Medicine Health Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    4. School of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
    5. Social Science Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes for Health Governance Based on Big Data Utilization, Guangzhou 511436, China
    6. Social Science Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes for Health Management Policy and Precision Health Services, Guangzhou 510515, China
    7. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Medical and Health Industry High Quality Development Rule of Law Guarantee Research Center, Guangzhou 511436, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-12-18 Published:2026-08-05 Online:2026-07-08
  • Contact: HU Bingjie, SHI Lei

摘要: 背景 以基层公共卫生服务为支点建设健康强国已上升为国家基本战略,提升社区卫生服务人员的工作绩效尤为重要。 目的 分析社区卫生服务人员工作绩效的驱动因素与提升路径,为进一步提升基层卫生服务能力提供有益借鉴。 方法 于2023年7—9月采用目的抽样方法对中国北部(黑龙江省)、中部(湖北省)、西部(甘肃省)和南部(广东省)的4 000名社区卫生服务人员进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括一般情况调查表、工作动机量表、职业应激量表、工作满意度量表、社会支持量表、主观幸福感量表和工作绩效量表,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法开展实证分析。 结果 本研究最终回收3 854份有效问卷,有效回收率为98.2%。模糊集定性比较分析结果显示,单因素均不构成工作绩效的必要条件,提升社区卫生服务人员工作绩效的组态路径共有5条,总一致性为0.933 5(≥0.800 0),模型解释力较强。其中工作氛围动机、工作环境动机和工作支持动机是核心条件,薪酬福利动机、工作满意度和社会支持也在特定路径中扮演重要角色。工作内容动机、发展规划动机和职业应激在某些情况下是边缘条件。 结论 工作环境动机、工作氛围动机和工作支持动机这3个动机因素是提升社区卫生服务人员工作绩效的核心影响要素。应从改善工作环境,打造良好工作氛围和强化工作支持体系3个方面提升社区卫生服务人员的工作绩效。

关键词: 基层卫生服务, 社区卫生服务人员, 工作绩效, 影响因素, 模糊集定性比较分析法

Abstract:

Background

Building a strong and healthy nation through grassroots public health services has been established as a fundamental national strategy in China. Enhancing the job performance of community health service personnel is therefore of critical importance.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze the driving factors and improvement pathways for the job performance of community health service personnel, providing insights for strengthening the capacity of primary health services.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted from July to September 2023 using purposive sampling. Participants included 4 000 community health service personnel from northern (Heilongjiang Province), central (Hubei Province), western (Gansu Province), and southern (Guangdong Province) China. The questionnaire comprised the following sections: a General Information Questionnaire, Job Motivation Measurement Scale, Job Content Questionnaire, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and Job Performance Measurement Scale. Data were analyzed using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) .

Results

A total of 3 854 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 98.2%. The fsQCA results indicated that no single factor constituted a necessary condition for high job performance. Five distinct causal configurations were found to enhance job performance, with an overall solution consistency of 0.933 5 (exceeding the 0.800 0 threshold), indicating strong explanatory power for the model. Work climate motivation, work environment motivation, and job support motivation emerged as core conditions across solutions. Compensation and benefits motivation, job satisfaction, and social support played important roles in specific pathways. Job content motivation, career development motivation, and occupational stress acted as peripheral conditions in certain configurations.

Conclusion

The three motivational factors of work environment motivation, work climate motivation and job support motivation are the core influencing factors to enhance the job performance of community health service workers. Job performance should be improved by optimising and improving the working environment, creating a good working atmosphere and strengthening the job support system.

Key words: Primary health services, Community health service workers, Job performance, Influencing factors, fsQCA