中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1496-1502.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0639

所属专题: 老年问题最新文章合集

• 医学循证 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国老年人吞咽障碍患病率的Meta分析

刘雅鑫1, 蒋运兰2,*(), 黄孝星1, 潘竟1, 沈音丽2, 张越1   

  1. 1610075 四川省成都市,成都中医药大学护理学院
    2610072 四川省成都市,成都中医药大学附属医院
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-04 修回日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2022-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 蒋运兰

  • 作者贡献:刘雅鑫负责文章的构思与设计、统计学处理、结果的分析与解释及论文撰写;蒋运兰负责文章可行性分析、论文修订、质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责;黄孝星、潘竟负责文献/资料整理;沈音丽、张越负责文献/资料整理。
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技部"主动健康和老龄化科技应对"重点专项(2020YFC20031004)

The Prevalence of Dysphagia among Chinese Older Adults: a Meta-analysis

LIU Yaxin1, JIANG Yunlan2,*(), HUANG Xiaoxing1, PAN Jing1, SHEN Yinli2, ZHANG Yue1   

  1. 1School of Nursing, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
    2Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610072, China
  • Received:2022-06-04 Revised:2022-10-08 Published:2023-04-20 Online:2022-12-29
  • Contact: JIANG Yunlan

摘要: 背景 我国已进入老龄化社会,老年人的健康问题与多种疾病相关。近年来,我国老年人吞咽障碍患病率明显上升,加重了社会和家庭的经济负担。 目的 系统评价中国老年人吞咽障碍患病率。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台和中国生物医学文献数据库,搜索关于我国老年人吞咽障碍患病率的流行病学研究,检索时间从建库至2022年5月。由2位研究人员严格按照纳入和排除标准完成文献筛选和数据提取,并用美国卫生保健质量和研究机构(AHRQ)量表评价横断面研究质量,Meta分析选择Stata 15.0软件。 结果 共纳入22篇文献,总样本量为308 289例,其中吞咽障碍患者47 940例。Meta分析结果显示,中国老年人吞咽障碍患病率为66.0%〔95%CI(58.0%,73.0%)〕。亚组分析结果显示:中国男性老年人吞咽障碍患病率为38.0%〔95%CI(31.0%,45.0%)〕,中国女性老年人吞咽障碍患病率为38.0%〔95%CI(29.0%,46.0%)〕;60~69岁老年人吞咽障碍患病率为21.0%〔95%CI(13.0%,29.0%)〕,70~79岁老年人吞咽障碍患病率为28.0%〔95%CI(18.0%,37.0%)〕,≥80岁老年人吞咽障碍患病率为41.0%〔95%CI(31.0%,50.0%)〕;小学及以下老年人吞咽障碍患病率为28.0%〔95%CI(20.0%,35.0%)〕,中学及中专老年人吞咽障碍患病率为35.0%〔95%CI(17.0%,53.0%)〕,大专及以上老年人吞咽障碍患病率为30.0%〔95%CI(18.0%,42.0%)〕;在医院的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为68.0%〔95%CI(52.0%,85.0%)〕,在养老机构的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为56.0%〔95%CI(41.0%,71.0%)〕,在社区的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为76.0%〔95%CI(56.0%,97.0%)〕;采用洼田饮水试验诊断的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为32.0%〔95%CI(21.0%,43.0%)〕,采用吞咽功能异常筛查量表(EAT-10量表)诊断的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为41.0%〔95%CI(16.0%,66.0%)〕,采用30 ml水吞咽试验(WST)诊断的老年人吞咽障碍患病率为35.0%〔95%CI(14.0%,56.0%)〕。 结论 我国老年人吞咽障碍患病率为66.0%〔95%CI(58.0%,73.0%)〕,其中年龄≥80岁、中学及中专文化程度、社区、吞咽障碍诊断标准为EAT-10量表的老年人吞咽障碍患病率高,需要早期重视和了解老年人吞咽障碍,选择针对性的干预措施提高老年吞咽障碍患者的生活质量,减少老年人吞咽障碍患病率。

关键词: 吞咽障碍, 老年人, 患病率, 中国, Meta分析, 流行病学研究

Abstract:

Background

Considering that our country has entered an aging society, the health problems of the older people has evolved into a concern due to the association with a variety of diseases. In recent years, Chinese households and society have suffered a serious economic burden due to the increasing prevalence of dysphagia among the elderly.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of dysphagia in the elderly in China systematically.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched for epidemiological studies related to the prevalence of dysphagia in the elderly in China. Searches were conducted from database inception to May 2022. Two researchers were responsible for screening literature and extracting data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The AHRQ scale was used to evaluate the quality of cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.0 software.

Results

A total of 22 articles were analyzed, containing 308 289 patients, including 47 940 patients with dysphagia. Meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of dysphagia in the elderly in China was 66.0%〔95%CI (58.0%, 73.0%) 〕. According to subgroup analysis, among elderly Chinese males and females dysphagia was prevalent in 38.0%〔95%CI (31.0%, 45.0%) 〕 and 38.0%〔95%CI (29.0%, 46.0%) 〕 of cases, respectively. The prevalence of dysphagia was 21.0%〔95 %CI (13.0%, 29.0%) 〕 in 60-69 years old, 28.0%〔95%CI (18.0%, 37.0%) 〕 in those aged 70-79, and 41.0%〔95%CI (31.0%, 50.0%) 〕 in those aged more than 80. In primary, secondary, and technical secondary school, and college and up, dysphagia was observed in 28.0%〔95%CI (20.0%, 35.0%) 〕, 32.0%〔95%CI (17.0%, 53.0%) 〕, 30.0%〔95%CI (18.0%, 42.0%) 〕 of the elderly. The prevalence of elderly dysphagia was 68.0% in the hospital〔95%CI (52.0%, 85.0%) 〕, 56.0%〔95%CI (41.0%, 71.0%) 〕 in the nursing home and 76.0%〔95%CI (56.0%, 97.0%) 〕 in the community. According to the Kubota Drinking Test, 32.0%〔95%CI (21.0%, 43.0%) 〕 of the elderly suffer from dysphagia, 41.0%〔95%CI (16.0%, 66.0%) 〕 exprience it according to the EAT-10 scale, and 35.0%〔95%CI (14.0%, 56.0%) 〕 suffer from it according to the Water Swallowing Test scale.

Conclusion

The prevalence of dysphagia among the elderly in China is 66.0%〔95%CI (58.0%, 73.0%) 〕. The prevalence of dysphagia among those≥80 years old, those with secondary school and technical secondary school education, elderly care in community, and those with dysphagia diagnosed by the EAT-10 scale is high. In order to improve the quality of life and reduce the prevalence of dysphagia among the elderly, we must pay more attention to and understand elderly dysphagia early.

Key words: Deglutition disorders, Aged, Prevalence, China, Meta-analysis, Epidemiologic studies