中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (25): 3161-3168.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0935

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国基层医务人员留用意愿影响因素分析:基于城乡差异比较

褚艺婧1, 严雨格1, 顾杰2,3, 席彪4, 祝墡珠2, 黄蛟灵1,*()   

  1. 1.200025 上海市,上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院
    2.200032 上海市,复旦大学附属中山医院全科医学科
    3.200032 上海市,复旦大学附属中山医院国际医疗部
    4.050017 河北省石家庄市,河北医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-07-24
  • 通讯作者: 黄蛟灵

  • 作者贡献:

    褚艺婧提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计,撰写论文;严雨格、顾杰进行数据的收集与整理,统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;席彪、祝墡珠负责问卷的设计,调研的整体实施;黄蛟灵负责文章的质量控制与审查,对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72274122); 上海市"科技创新行动计划"(23692113400); 上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划优青项目(GWVI-11.2-YQ54)

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Retention Intention of Primary Healthcare Workers in China: a Comparison Based on Urban-rural Differences

CHU Yijing1, YAN Yuge1, GU Jie2,3, XI Biao4, ZHU Shanzhu2, HUANG Jiaoling1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
    2. Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    3. International medical center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
    4. School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2025-03-12 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-07-24
  • Contact: HUANG Jiaoling

摘要: 背景 目前世界对医疗卫生人才的需求不断增长,但医务人员流失率不断上升,医务人员的留用意愿已成为一个亟待解决的公共卫生问题。 目的 调查中国城镇与乡村基层医务人员留用意愿情况及其影响因素。 方法 本研究为横断面研究,于2022年5—10月,在27个省和4个市中抽取了44家社区卫生服务中心和18家乡镇卫生院进行线上问卷调查,问卷内容包括医务人员的一般情况、工作因素、新型冠状病毒感染疫情因素、心理反应和留用意愿,收集各项得分,采用多元线性回归分析探讨基层医务人员留用意愿的影响因素。 结果 共回收问卷3 769份。调查显示,留用意愿得分较低的是江西省(19.8±3.7)分,得分较高的是西藏自治区(23.9±3.8)分。其中,年龄增长、女性、在婚状态、月收入水平高、基层服务年限<20年、单位支持功能自评高、执业地点在城镇、工作满意度得分高和个人成就感得分高显著正向预测留用意愿(P均<0.001);而职业类别为管理人员、患者健康问卷得分高、情感耗竭得分高和去人格化得分高显著负向影响预测留用意愿(P均<0.001)。城乡比较显示,城镇医务人员更关注职业发展通道和岗位福利,而乡村人员对工作保障及编制稳定性需求更突出(P均<0.001)。 结论 总体城乡基层医务人员留用意愿处于中等水平,影响城镇和乡村基层医务人员留用意愿因素有所不同,可以针对不同点提出相应措施来提高其留用意愿。

关键词: 医务人员,医院, 基层医务人员, 留用意愿, 城乡差异, 影响因素分析, 中国

Abstract:

Background

Currently, there is a growing global demand for healthcare professionals, but the attrition rate of medical personnel is continuously increasing. This makes the retention of medical staff a pressing public health issue.

Objective

To investigate the retention intention of primary healthcare workers in urban and rural areas of China and its influencing factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study, conducted from May to October 2022, involved online questionnaires administered to 44 community health centers and 18 township hospitals across 27 provinces and 4 municipalities in China&apos;s mainland. The survey covered demographics, work-related factors, COVID-19 impacts, psychological responses, and retention intention. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze determinants.

Results

A total of 3 769 questionnaires were collected. The survey results showed that the lowest score for intention to stay was (19.8±3.7) in Jiangxi Province, while the highest score was (23.9±3.8) in the Xizang Autonomous Region. Significant positive predictors included advanced age, female gender, marital status, higher monthly income (>5 000 CNY) , <20 years of service, strong institutional support, urban practice location, high job satisfaction, and high personal achievement scores (all P<0.001) . Negative predictors included managerial roles, elevated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) scores, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization (all P<0.001) . Urban-rural comparisons revealed urban workers prioritized career development pathways and job benefits, whereas rural workers emphasized job security and employment stability (all P<0.001) .

Conclusion

The overall retention intention of primary healthcare workers in urban and rural areas of China is at a moderate level. The factors influencing the retention intention of primary healthcare workers in urban and rural areas differ. Corresponding measures can be proposed to improve their retention intention based on these differences.

Key words: Medical staff, hospital, Primary healthcare workers, Retention intention, Urban-rural differences, Influencing factors analysis, China

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