中国全科医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (24): 2993-2999.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0460

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

分解代谢及炎症状态的生物标志物变化趋势对老年患者慢性危重症的早期预测价值研究

李嘉欣, 刘钟桧, 谢硕, 付志方, 孙丹, 焦红梅*()   

  1. 100034 北京市,北京大学第一医院老年病内科
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08 修回日期:2025-02-10 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-06-23
  • 通讯作者: 焦红梅

  • 作者贡献:

    李嘉欣、焦红梅进行文章的构思与设计;付志方、孙丹进行研究的实施与可行性分析;李嘉欣、刘钟桧、谢硕进行数据收集;李嘉欣、谢硕进行数据整理,统计学处理;刘钟桧、付志方、孙丹进行文章校验、英文部分修订;李嘉欣、刘钟桧、谢硕撰写论文;焦红梅对文章整体负责,监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    中央保健专项资金科研课题(2022YB36)

Trajectory in Biomarkers of Metabolic and Inflammatory States as Early Predictors of Chronic Critical Illness in Aging Patients

LI Jiaxin, LIU Zhonghui, XIE Shuo, FU Zhifang, SUN Dan, JIAO Hongmei*()   

  1. Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2025-02-10 Published:2025-08-20 Online:2025-06-23
  • Contact: JIAO Hongmei

摘要: 背景 慢性危重症(CCI)社会负担重,其在老年人群中的患病率逐渐增加,但基于中国老年人的相关研究并不充分。反应代谢及炎症状态的指标可能有助于CCI的早期预测。 目的 探讨分解代谢及炎症指标的变化趋势,初探重症监护室(ICU)老年患者发生CCI的早期预测因素。 方法 本研究分析了2018—2020年于北京大学第一医院老年ICU住院的老年患者的临床资料,临床评分包括序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、急性生理与慢性健康评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,实验室数据包括血尿素氮与肌酐比值(UCR)、24 h尿尿素氮(UUN)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、第7天UCR/第3天UCR比值(UCRR7/3)、第7天UUN/第3天UUN比值(UUNR7/3)等及其变化趋势。将患者分为CCI组(定义为持续器官功能障碍≥14 d)或快速恢复(RAP)组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨ICU老年患者发生CCI的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估影响因素的预测价值,并记录随访90 d时死亡率及住院率。 结果 共纳入115例患者,其中40例为CCI。CCI组患者的感染比例、ICU住院第1天APACHEⅡ评分、ICU住院第7天APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、ICU住院第1天淋巴细胞计数(LY)、UCR,ICU住院第3天UCR、ICU住院第7天白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NE)、NLR、C反应蛋白(CRP)、UCR、UUN以及UCRR7/3、UUNR7/3均高于RAP组,ICU住院第1天NLR、ICU住院第7天血红蛋白(Hb)、LY、白蛋白(Alb)低于RAP组(P<0.05)。CCI组患者死亡率及继续住院率高于RAP组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,ICU住院第7天Hb(OR=0.942,95%CI=0.906~0.979,P=0.003)、NLR(OR=1.208,95%CI=1.025~1.423,P=0.024)、CRP(OR=1.034,95%CI=1.011~1.057,P=0.003)及UCRR7/3(OR=32.418,95%CI=2.412~435.736,P=0.009)、UUNR7/3(OR=22.889,95%CI=2.421~216.372,P=0.006)是ICU老年患者发生CCI的影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,UCRR7/3、UUNR7/3、CRP、Hb和NLR的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.787、0.868、0.808、0.808和0.814。上述5个因素联合预测ICU老年患者发生CCI的AUC为0.962(95%CI=0.932~0.992),最佳截断值为0.59,灵敏度为85.0%,特异度为96.0%。 结论 ICU老年患者住院第7天Hb、NLR、CRP及UCRR7/3、UUNR7/3是CCI的早期预测因素,建立上述5个因素联合预测模型可能有助于提早预警老年CCI的发生。

关键词: 危重病, 老年人, 慢性危重症, 生物标志物, 重症监护病房, 序贯器官衰竭评估评分, 急性生理与慢性健康评估Ⅱ评分, 预测

Abstract:

Background

Chronic critical illness (CCI) imposes a growing burden on aging populations, yet its predictive biomarkers remain underexplored, particularly in Chinese elderly cohorts. Biomarkers reflecting metabolic and inflammatory states may be useful for early prediction of CCI.

Objective

We explore the trajectory in metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers and identify potential early predictors of CCI in aging patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) .

Methods

We analyzed clinical records of aging patients admitted to the ICU at Peking University First Hospital from 2018 to 2020. Clinical scoring systems, including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) score, as well as laboratory data such as the blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio (UCR), 24-hour urea nitrogen (UUN), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), UCR on day 7-to-day 3 ratio (UCRR7/3), and UUN on day 7-to-day 3 ratio (UUNR7/3), were collected and analyzed for trajectory. Patients were divided into two groups: CCI (defined as persistent organ dysfunction for ≥14 days) and rapid recovery (RAP). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing the occurrence of CCI in ICU aging patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of these factors. Mortality and hospital readmission rates were recorded at 90-day follow-up.

Results

A total of 115 patients were included, with 40 in the CCI group. The CCI group exhibited higher infection rates, higher APACHEⅡ scores on day 1 and day 7, higher SOFA scores on day 7, higher lymphocyte (LY) counts and UCR on day 1, higher UCR on day 3, and higher white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NE), NLR, C-reactive protein (CRP), UCR, UUN on day 7, and ratios (UCRR7/3 and UUNR7/3) compared to the RAP group (all P<0.05). In contrast, NLR on day 1, hemoglobin (Hb) on day 7, LY and albumin (Alb) levels on day 7 were lower in the CCI group compared to the RAP group (P<0.05). The mortality and continued hospitalization rates were higher in the CCI group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that Hb on day 7 (OR=0.942, 95%CI=0.906-0.979, P=0.003), NLR (OR=1.208, 95%CI=1.025-1.423, P=0.024), CRP (OR=1.034, 95%CI=1.011-1.057, P=0.003), UCRR7/3 (OR=32.418, 95%CI=2.412-435.736, P=0.009), and UUNR7/3 (OR=22.889, 95%CI=2.421-216.372, P=0.006) were significant predictors of CCI in aging ICU patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for UCRR7/3, UUNR7/3, CRP, Hb, and NLR were 0.787, 0.868, 0.808, 0.808, and 0.814, respectively. The combined prediction model using these five factors yielded an AUC of 0.962 (95%CI=0.932-0.992), with a sensitivity of 85.0% and specificity of 96.0%.

Conclusion

Hb, NLR, CRP on day 7, and UCRR7/3, UUNR7/3 are early predictors of CCI in aging ICU patients. A predictive model incorporating these five factors may aid in the early warning and prevention of CCI in the aging.

Key words: Critical illness, Aged, Chronic critical illness, Biomarkers, Intensive care unit, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ score, Forecasting

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