儿童24 h活动行为测评方法研究进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0431

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 儿童24 h活动行为指儿童在一天24 h内经历的身体活动、久坐和睡眠行为。许多研究表明以上3种不同活动行为的组合及其时间分配对儿童的身心健康产生重要影响。如何有效、完整地测评儿童24 h活动行为，对进一步开展儿童时间使用的流行病学研究调查，以及进行儿童健康行为干预和指南具有积极意义。我国对于儿童24 h活动行为测评工具的相关研究尚处于探索阶段。本文对国外儿童24 h活动行为测评方法具体内容、应用以及优劣势进行综述，旨在借鉴国外经验的基础上结合我国文化背景和儿童成长环境，发展适合我国儿童24 h活动行为的测评方法，为了解我国儿童24 h活动行为提供科学、有效的测评工具。

关键词: 24 h活动行为, 身体活动, 久坐行为, 睡眠, 儿童, 测评方法, 综述

Abstract:

Children's 24-hour movement behaviors refer to the physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors that children experience during a 24-hour day. Many studies have shown that the combination of the above 3 different movement behaviors and their time allocation have a significant impact on children's physical and mental health. How to effectively and completely measure all of children's movement behaviors over a 24-hour period has positive implications for further epidemiological research investigations of children's time-use and the establishment of health behavioral interventions and guidelines for children. China's research on the 24-hour movement behaviors assessment tools for children is still at an exploratory stage. This paper reviews the specific content, application, advantages and disadvantages of foreign children's 24-hour movement behaviors assessment methods, aiming to draw on foreign experience and combine with China's cultural background and children's growing environment to develop assessment methods suitable for China's children's 24-hour movement behaviors, and to provide scientific and effective assessment tools for understanding China's children's 24-hour movement behaviors.

Key words: 24-hour movement behaviors, Physical activity, Sedentary behavior, Sleep, Child, Assessment methods, Review

中图分类号:

R 165

项天乐,周娜,李芳,等. 儿童24 h活动行为测评方法研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(06): 760-766. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0431.
XIANG Tianle,ZHOU Na,LI Fang, et al. Research Progress on Assessment Methods of 24-hour Movement Behaviors in Children[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2026, 29(06): 760-766. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0431.

图/表 1

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测评方法	适用对象	优点	缺点
客观测量法		测量结果客观、可靠	设备成本和技术要求较高，测量时间较长，不适合于大样本人群测量
加速度计	根据不同参数设置	测量结果较准确，设备技术要求相对较低	属于计数仪器，无法测量久坐类型和具体活动情况
可穿戴式摄像机	儿童	以图像信息反映具体活动，测量结果真实	设备技术要求较高，如需稳固的佩戴方式，有较强续航功能等
组合客观测量法	儿童	多维度，精细化测量	设备技术要求高
主观评估法		使用经济、简便，可根据不同年龄和活动背景设计，大多适合于大样本人群测量	评估结果可能受主观偏倚影响
直接观察法	儿童	评估结果真实	过程耗时，成本高
时间使用日记
24 h时间使用书面日记	婴儿；2~9岁儿童；10岁以上儿童	使用方法简单，减少回忆偏差	记录过程繁琐、形式单一，影响依从性
24 h时间使用电子日记	0~4岁儿童；3~4岁儿童；10岁以上儿童	比书面日记更为便捷和灵活，个性化设计形式多样，减少回忆偏差	需要设备操作使用
回忆评估工具
家庭健康调查表	3~6岁儿童	适合评估家庭背景信息	条目较多，有一定回忆偏差
活动行为问卷	0~5岁儿童	条目简单易答，完成时间快	有一定回忆偏差
儿童早期数字媒体习惯监测问卷	2~6岁儿童	适合评估久坐行为，特别是数字媒体使用行为	有一定回忆偏差
儿童与青少年多媒体活动回忆工具	儿童和青少年	内容丰富，使用多媒体技术帮助回忆并提供理解	需要设备操作使用
主客观测量法		测量更全面、真实	测量技术的难度和成本较高

测评方法	适用对象	优点	缺点
客观测量法		测量结果客观、可靠	设备成本和技术要求较高，测量时间较长，不适合于大样本人群测量
加速度计	根据不同参数设置	测量结果较准确，设备技术要求相对较低	属于计数仪器，无法测量久坐类型和具体活动情况
可穿戴式摄像机	儿童	以图像信息反映具体活动，测量结果真实	设备技术要求较高，如需稳固的佩戴方式，有较强续航功能等
组合客观测量法	儿童	多维度，精细化测量	设备技术要求高
主观评估法		使用经济、简便，可根据不同年龄和活动背景设计，大多适合于大样本人群测量	评估结果可能受主观偏倚影响
直接观察法	儿童	评估结果真实	过程耗时，成本高
时间使用日记
24 h时间使用书面日记	婴儿；2~9岁儿童；10岁以上儿童	使用方法简单，减少回忆偏差	记录过程繁琐、形式单一，影响依从性
24 h时间使用电子日记	0~4岁儿童；3~4岁儿童；10岁以上儿童	比书面日记更为便捷和灵活，个性化设计形式多样，减少回忆偏差	需要设备操作使用
回忆评估工具
家庭健康调查表	3~6岁儿童	适合评估家庭背景信息	条目较多，有一定回忆偏差
活动行为问卷	0~5岁儿童	条目简单易答，完成时间快	有一定回忆偏差
儿童早期数字媒体习惯监测问卷	2~6岁儿童	适合评估久坐行为，特别是数字媒体使用行为	有一定回忆偏差
儿童与青少年多媒体活动回忆工具	儿童和青少年	内容丰富，使用多媒体技术帮助回忆并提供理解	需要设备操作使用
主客观测量法		测量更全面、真实	测量技术的难度和成本较高