关键词: 肾结石, 计算机断层成像, 患病率

Abstract: Background　Many diseases of urinary system were caused by kidney stones. The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing year by year in China. However，there are few multiregional studies on it. Objective　To investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones among community residents over 40 in China. Methods　The subjects of this survey were from a subgroup of Chinese population in a large global study of Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology（PURE）. Community residents over 40 years old from 12 PURE research centers in Beijing City，Jiangsu Province，Shanxi Province，Shaanxi Province，Liaoning Province，Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province were underwent quantitative computed tomography（QCT） examination of the midsection at the fourth follow-up from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the prevalence of osteoporosis and spinal fractures in the Chinese population. The CT images were read by radiologists to determine whether there were positive stones in the bilateral kidney areas，and the number of stones was recorded. Asymptomatic kidney stones were counted，and the prevalence was calculated by region，gender，and age. Results　A total of 3 360 subjects aged from 40 to 95 years old were enrolled with an average age of （62.0±9.1），including 1 231 males and 2 129 females. Finally，282（8.39%） cases with asymptomatic kidney stones were found. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones among cases with different genders and different ages（P>0.05），while the difference among cases in different regions was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion　The prevalence of asymptomatic kidney stones was high in people over 40 years old. Based on this，it is speculated that the overall incidence of kidney stones，including patients with symptomatic kidney stones，will be higher，and there is no difference between genders and different ages，which requires attention.

Key words: Kidney stones, Computed tomography, Prevalence