中国全科医学

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中国脑卒中后认知障碍患病趋势及影响因素Meta分析

赵雪姣1,2,李娟1⋇,李雨洁2,卢婷2,先丽红3,颜欢3   

  1. 1.550002 贵州省贵阳市,贵州省人民医院护理部 2.550002 贵州省贵阳市,贵州中医药大学护理学院 3.563003 贵州省遵义市,遵义医科大学护理学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-17 接受日期:2025-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 李娟,主任护师
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364005);贵州省卫生健康委员会基金资助项目(gzwkj2024-263)

Prevalence Trends and Influencing Factors for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in China:a Meta-analysis

  1. 1.Department of Nursing,Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital,Guiyang 550002,China 2.School of Nursing,Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550002,China 3.School of Nursing,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000, China
  • Received:2025-03-17 Accepted:2025-04-08
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摘要: 背景 脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)是脑卒中患者常见的后遗症,严重影响患者的生活质量,且易被忽视。PSCI的高发病率、隐匿性症状和沉重的社会负担使其成为研究重点。了解PSCI的患病情况和相关因素,对于制定脑卒中的防治策略至关重要。目的 系统评价近10年我国PSCI患病现状及发展趋势,总结归纳PSCI相关危险因素和保护因素。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和CNKI等数据库中关于中国PSCI患病率及影响因素的相关研究,时间范围为2014年11月到2024年11月。利用Stata 16.0和SPSS 26.0软件分析PSCI的现状与趋势,并使用Review Manager 5.4软件分析相关因素。结果 共纳入59项研究,显示我国PSCI的总体患病率为51%(95%CI=48%-55%)。男性和女性的PSCI患病率分别为50%和56%;6个月)时,患病率分别为52%、52%、40%和56%;教育水平较低者(小学及以下)患病率最高(62%);已婚、未婚者分别为57%、64%;有工作者、无业者分别为64%、71%;脑力劳动、体力劳动者分别为48%、53%;与家人同住、独居者分别为62%、71%。我国PSCI的患病率随着年龄增加而增高(χ²=73.805,P<0.01),并与文化程度呈负相关(χ²趋势=123.817,P<0.01);不同地区之间的差异显著(χ²=60.79,P<0.01),各省之间也存在统计学差异(χ²=495.373,P<0.01)。随着评估时间延长,患病率呈上升趋势(χ²趋势=186.504,P<0.05);各时段之间的患病率有显著差异(χ²趋势=325.964,P<0.01),但未表现出线性相关性(P=0.259)。年龄、女性、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、卒中史、颈动脉斑块、高同型半胱氨酸血症、C反应蛋白、吸烟、饮酒和NIHSS评分是我国脑卒中患者发生认知障碍的危险因素,而教育水平和体育锻炼是保护因素。结论 我国PSCI总体患病率较高,不同地区、省份之间存在明显差异,且随着时间发展呈现出动态变化趋势。女性、高龄、受教育程度低等群体PSCI患病率较高。此外,高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等是PSCI发病的危险因素,各级医疗机构应重点关注以上高危人群,加快制订并实施PSCI综合防治策略,以减轻我国社会照护压力和经济负担。

关键词: 脑卒中, 认知障碍, 患病率, 影响因素, Meta分析

Abstract: Background Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common sequela of stroke that severely impacts patients' quality of life and is often overlooked. The high incidence, subtle symptoms, and substantial social burden of PSCI make it a research priority. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of PSCI is crucial for improving stroke prevention and treatment strategies. Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence and trends of PSCI in China over the past decade and summarize the related risk and protective factors. Methods Relevant studies on the prevalence and influencing factors of PSCI in China were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and CNKI, covering the period from November 2014 to November 2024. Stata 16.0 and SPSS 26.0 software were used to analyze the current status and trends of PSCI, and Review Manager 5.4 software was employed to analyze related factor. Results A total of 59 studies were included, revealing that the overall prevalence of PSCI in China is 51% (95% CI = 48%~55%). The prevalence rates for males and females were 50% and 56%, respectively; for patients aged <60 years and ≥60 years, they were 47% and 59%, respectively. The prevalence varied by region, ranging from 42% (Northwest) to 57% (Northeast). The prevalence for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 54% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence at different time points (≤2 weeks, 2 weeks~3 months, 3~6 months, >6 months) was 52%, 52%, 40%, and 56%, respectively. Those with lower education levels (elementary school or below) had the highest prevalence (62%); married and unmarried individuals had prevalence rates of 57% and 64%, respectively; employed and unemployed individuals had rates of 64% and 71%, respectively; intellectual and physical laborers had rates of 48% and 53%, respectively; individuals living with family members and those living alone had rates of 62% and 71%, respectively. The prevalence of PSCI increased with age (χ² = 73.805, P < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with education level (χ²trend = 123.817, P < 0.01). Significant regional differences were observed (χ² = 60.79, P < 0.01), and statistical differences existed between provinces (χ² = 495.373, P < 0.01). With longer assessment periods, the prevalence showed an upward trend (χ²trend = 186.504, P < 0.05). Significant differences in prevalence were observed across periods (χ²trend = 325.964, P < 0.01), but no linear correlation was found (P = 0.259). Age, female gender, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke history, carotid plaque, hyperhomocysteinemia, C-reactive protein, smoking, alcohol consumption, and NIHSS score were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment in stroke patients in China, while education level and physical exercise were protective factors. Conclusion The overall prevalence of PSCI in China is high, with significant regional and provincial differences, and dynamic changes over time. The prevalence is higher in females, the elderly, and those with lower education levels. Furthermore, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for PSCI. Healthcare institutions should focus on these high-risk populations and expedite the development and implementation of comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies for PSCI to alleviate the social and economic burdens of caregiving in China.

Key words: Stroke, Cognitive impairment, Prevalence, Influencing factors, Meta-analysis