中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 4721-4729.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0504

所属专题: 阿尔茨海默病最新文章合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔茨海默病患者跌倒相关住院风险预测模型的构建与验证研究

李姣1, 向庆伟2,3,4, 刘进进2,3,4, 彭朗2,3,4, 周剑杰2,3,4, 杨琼2,3,4, 梅应兵2,3,4, 柳慧2,3,4, 方英嵩1,2,3,4, 谭子虎2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1.430000 湖北省武汉市,湖北中医药大学
    2.430000 湖北省武汉市,湖北中医药大学附属医院 湖北省中医院
    3.430000 湖北省武汉市,中医肝肾研究及应用湖北省重点实验室
    4.430000 湖北省武汉市,湖北时珍实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10 修回日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 谭子虎

  • 作者贡献:

    李姣负责研究设计、数据清理、统计分析、图表绘制与论文初稿撰写;向庆伟、刘进进负责研究实施与可行性分析;彭朗、周剑杰、杨琼负责论文质量控制及审校;梅应兵、柳慧、方英嵩负责数据采集;谭子虎负责提出研究思路、监督指导以及论文最终版本修订,对文章整体负责。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82405325); 湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2023AFD133,2022CFD144)

Development and Validation of Risk Prediction Model for Fall-related Hospitalization in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

LI Jiao1, XIANG Qingwei2,3,4, LIU Jinjin2,3,4, PENG Lang2,3,4, ZHOU Jianjie2,3,4, YANG Qiong2,3,4, MEI Yingbing2,3,4, LIU Hui2,3,4, FANG Yingsong1,2,3,4, TAN Zihu2,3,4,*()   

  1. 1. Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, China
    2. Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, China
    3. Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430000, China
    4. Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430000, China
  • Received:2025-12-10 Revised:2026-03-20 Published:2026-11-15 Online:2026-10-10
  • Contact: TAN Zihu

摘要: 背景 跌倒是阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的常见临床事件,不仅增加严重创伤、感染、失能与死亡风险,也常导致非计划性住院,给家庭与社会带来沉重负担。 目的 构建AD患者跌倒相关住院的风险预测模型,并分析AD患者跌倒相关住院的危险因素,以辅助医师精准识别高危个体并进行干预。 方法 共纳入987例2020年1月—2025年10月收录于湖北省中医院痴呆数据库的AD患者,将其按照7∶3随机拆分为训练集(n=690)和验证集(n=297)。提取研究对象的一般资料、评估量表、实验室检查指标及用药相关数据。以AD患者是否发生跌倒相关住院事件作为结局变量。以LASSO回归筛选潜在预测变量,并采用多因素Logistic回归建立列线图预测模型。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线和临床决策曲线(DCA)检验模型的区分度、校准度和临床实用性。 结果 987例AD患者中,跌倒相关住院者276例(27.96%)。在LASSO回归基础上进行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,病程(OR=2.843,95%CI=1.862~4.342)、临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)评分(OR=1.275,95%CI=1.010~1.610)、跌倒史(OR=7.779,95%CI=3.515~17.213)、骨关节炎(OR=1.757,95%CI=1.068~2.892)、骨质疏松(OR=2.481,95%CI=1.692~3.638)、高危痴呆的精神行为症状(BPSD)(OR=2.193,95%CI=1.229~3.914)、白蛋白(ALB)水平(OR=1.781,95%CI=1.128~2.814)及高风险用药(OR=1.466,95%CI=1.191~1.805)是AD患者跌倒相关住院的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,训练集与验证集AUC分别为0.753(95%CI=0.711~0.795)和0.794(95%CI=0.734~0.853);校准曲线结果显示,训练集与验证集的预测曲线及理想曲线拟合度较好;DCA结果显示:当列线图预测AD患者跌倒相关住院风险概率在0.1~0.8阈值范围时,患者的净获益率>0。 结论 病程、CDR评分、跌倒史、骨关节炎、骨质疏松、高危BPSD、ALB、高风险用药是AD患者跌倒相关住院的影响因素,本研究构建的列线图模型可用于预测AD患者跌倒相关住院风险。

关键词: 阿尔茨海默病, 跌倒, 住院, 预测模型, 列线图, Logistic回归

Abstract:

Background

Falls are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with increased risks of severe trauma, infection, disability, and death, often leading to unplanned hospitalization and placing a heavy burden on families and society.

Objective

To develop and validate a risk prediction model for fall-related hospitalization in patients with AD, and to identify the risk factors for fall-related hospitalization, thereby assisting physicians in accurately identifying high-risk individuals and implementing early interventions.

Methods

A total of 987 patients with AD from the dementia database of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2020 and October 2025 were included. They were randomly divided into a training set (n=690) and a validation set (n=297) at a ratio of 7:3. Data on general characteristics, assessment scales, laboratory indicators, and medication use were extracted. Fall-related hospitalization was the outcome variable. Potential predictors were selected using LASSO regression. A nomogram prediction model was established using multivariable Logistic regression. Model discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively.

Results

Among the 987 patients with AD, 276 (27.96%) experienced fall-related hospitalization. Multivariable Logistic regression based on variables selected by LASSO regression showed that disease duration (OR=2.843, 95%CI=1.862-4.342), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score (OR=1.275, 95%CI=1.010-1.610), history of falls (OR=7.779, 95%CI=3.515-17.213), osteoarthritis (OR=1.757, 95%CI=1.068-2.892), osteoporosis (OR=2.481, 95%CI=1.692-3.638), high-risk behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) (OR=2.193, 95%CI=1.229-3.914), albumin (ALB) level (OR=1.781, 95%CI=1.128-2.814), and high-risk medication use (OR=1.466, 95%CI=1.191-1.805) were independent risk factors for fall-related hospitalization in patients with AD (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the AUCs of the training set and validation set were 0.753 (95%CI=0.711-0.795) and 0.794 (95%CI=0.734-0.853), respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement between the predicted and ideal curves in both sets. DCA showed that the nomogram provided a net benefit greater than 0 when the predicted probability of fall-related hospitalization ranged from 0.1 to 0.8.

Conclusion

Disease duration, CDR score, history of falls, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, high-risk BPSD, ALB level, and high-risk medication use were identified as risk factors for fall-related hospitalization in patients with AD. The nomogram model constructed in this study can be used to predict the risk of fall-related hospitalization in this population.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease, Falls, Hospitalization, Prediction model, Nomogram, Logistic regression

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