中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 4730-4737.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2026.0048

所属专题: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同类型功能社区人群的焦虑现状及影响因素差异研究

翟佳燚1,2,3, 张雪艳3,4,*(), 时峰3,5, 顾沁乐3,6, 万和平3,4, 陆媛7,*()   

  1. 1.201899 上海市嘉定区嘉定镇街道社区卫生服务中心
    2.201899 上海市嘉定区菊园街道社区卫生服务中心
    3.200040 上海市家庭医生签约服务质控中心
    4.200040 上海市健康促进中心
    5.201516 上海市金山区廊下镇社区卫生服务中心
    6.200082 上海市虹口区北外滩街道社区卫生服务中心
    7.200090 上海市,同济大学附属杨浦医院老年医学科
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30 修回日期:2026-06-26 出版日期:2026-11-15 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 张雪艳, 陆媛

  • 作者贡献:

    翟佳燚负责文章构思与设计、研究实施与可行性分析,撰写论文,对论文整体负责;张雪艳、陆媛负责文章的英文修订,审校文章;时峰、顾沁乐负责论文修订;万和平负责资源提供和论文监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项(20234Y0217); 上海市嘉定区自然科学研究课题项目(JDKW-2024-0050); 2025年杨浦区卫生系统科研课题公共卫生研究专项(YPGWM202501)

Anxiety Status and Community-specific Analysis of Influencing Factors among Population in Functional Communities

ZHAI Jiayi1,2,3, ZHANG Xueyan3,4,*(), SHI Feng3,5, GU Qinle3,6, WAN Heping3,4, LU Yuan7,*()   

  1. 1. Community Health Service Center of Jiading Town in Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
    2. Community Health Service Center of Juyuan Subdistrict in Jiading District, Shanghai 201899, China
    3. Shanghai Municipal Quality Control Center for Family Doctor Contract Services, Shanghai 200040, China
    4. Shanghai Municipal Center for Health Promotion, Shanghai 200040, China
    5. Langxia Town Community Health Service Center, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201516, China
    6. Beiwaitan Subdistrict Community Health Service Center, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200082, China
    7. Department of Geriatrics Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
  • Received:2026-04-30 Revised:2026-06-26 Published:2026-11-15 Online:2026-10-10
  • Contact: ZHANG Xueyan, LU Yuan

摘要: 背景 功能社区在职人群焦虑问题突出,家庭医生需提供差异化心理服务,但针对不同类型功能社区的研究不足,难以支撑服务方案制定。 目的 探讨不同类型功能社区人群的焦虑现状及影响因素差异,为家庭医生开展精准心理健康服务提供依据。 方法 于2025年11—12月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法在上海市7个区抽取功能社区在职人员作为研究对象。通过一般情况调查表、慢性病和未分化疾病调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)开展调查,将功能社区划分为企事业单位、产业园区、商务楼宇、工厂车间4类,采用有序Logistic回归及分层分析探讨焦虑情况的影响因素。 结果 共回收问卷1 621份,其中有效问卷1 592份,问卷有效率为98.21%。上海市功能社区人群的焦虑检出率为36.62%(583/1 592),中/重度焦虑症状检出率为7.29%(116/1 592)。企事业单位、产业园区、商务楼宇、工厂车间在职人员的焦虑检出率分别为36.41%(339/931)、39.88%(67/168)、41.71%(146/350)、21.68%(31/143),不同类型功能社区人群的焦虑情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素有序Logistic回归模型结果显示,文化程度、工作时长、慢性病患病数量、未分化疾病数量、功能社区类型是功能社区人群焦虑情况的影响因素(P<0.05)。将功能社区合并为传统行业社区(企事业单位、工厂车间人群)与新型行业社区(产业园区、商务楼宇人群),进一步开展分层分析,结果显示:工作时长、未分化疾病数量是两类功能社区人群焦虑情况的共同影响因素(P<0.05);文化程度、个人年收入、慢性病患病数量对焦虑情况的影响在两类功能社区中存在差异,仅是传统行业社区人群焦虑情况的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 上海市功能社区人群焦虑检出率较高,功能社区类型与焦虑情况相关,家庭医生可构建"普适干预+分层施策"模式提升服务精准度。

关键词: 焦虑, 家庭医生服务, 功能社区, 影响因素分析, 社区特征性分析

Abstract:

Background

Anxiety symptoms are prevalent among the employed population in functional communities, and family doctors need to provide differentiated mental health services. However, relevant studies targeting different types of functional communities are insufficient, which can hardly support the formulation of service plans.

Objective

To clarify the detection status of anxiety symptoms and the community-specific characteristics of influencing factors among the population in functional communities of Shanghai, and to provide evidence for family doctors to deliver precision mental health services.

Methods

From November to December 2025, employed people from functional communities in 7 districts of Shanghai were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling. Functional communities were divided into 4 categories: enterprises and public institutions, industrial parks, commercial buildings, and factory workshops. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, the questionnaire on chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and medically unspecified diseases (MUDs), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Ordinal Logistic regression and stratified analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of anxiety symptoms.

Results

A total of 1 621 questionnaires were collected, among which 1 592 were valid, yielding an effective response rate of 98.21%. The detection rate of anxiety among residents in functional communities of Shanghai was 36.62% (583/1 592), and the detection rate of moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms was 7.29% (116/1 592). The anxiety detection rates of employees in enterprises and public institutions, industrial parks, commercial office buildings, and factory workshops were 36.41% (339/931), 39.88% (67/168), 41.71% (146/350), and 21.68% (31/143), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in anxiety status across populations from different types of functional communities (P<0.05). Multivariate ordered Logistic regression analysis indicated that educational attainment, working hours, number of chronic diseases, number of undifferentiated illnesses, and type of functional community were influencing factors for anxiety among the population in functional communities (P<0.05). Functional communities were further grouped into traditional industry communities (employees from enterprises, public institutions and factory workshops) and emerging industry communities (employees from industrial parks and commercial office buildings) for stratified analysis. The results demonstrated that working hours and the number of undifferentiated illnesses were common influencing factors of anxiety in both groups (P<0.05). The effects of educational attainment, personal annual income and number of chronic diseases on anxiety differed between the two types of functional communities, and these factors only affected anxiety levels of residents in traditional industry communities (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The detection rate of anxiety symptoms among the population in functional communities of Shanghai is relatively high, and functional community type is independently associated with anxiety symptoms. Family doctors can construct a "universal intervention+stratified implementation" model to improve service precision.

Key words: Anxiety, Family doctor services, Functional communities, Root cause analysis, Community-specific analysis