中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (28): 3482-3488.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0275

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合集 全民健康最新文章合集 高血压最新文章合集 医防融合最新文章合集

• 论著·医防融合专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

医防融合背景下慢性病随访对高血压和糖尿病患者健康行为及血压/血糖控制的影响研究

程晓冉1,2, 张笑天1,2, 李明月1,2, 程昊哲1,2, 汤皓晴1,2, 郑汇娴1,2, 张柏松1,2, 刘晓云1,2,*()   

  1. 1.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    2.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-26 修回日期:2023-06-13 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓云

  • 作者贡献:程晓冉、刘晓云负责文章的构思与设计;程晓冉负责数据处理与分析,撰写论文并对文章负责;张笑天、刘晓云负责研究的实施和管理;李明月、程昊哲、汤皓晴、郑汇娴、张柏松负责数据收集与整理;刘晓云负责文章指导、质量控制与审校。
  • 基金资助:
    中国-盖茨基金会农村基本卫生保健项目监测评价研究(CS-2020-20)

Impact of Chronic Diseases Follow-up on Health Behaviors and Blood Pressure/Glucose Control of Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes in the Context of Treatment-prevention Integration

CHENG Xiaoran1,2, ZHANG Xiaotian1,2, LI Mingyue1,2, CHENG Haozhe1,2, TANG Haoqing1,2, ZHENG Huixian1,2, ZHANG Baisong1,2, LIU Xiaoyun1,2,*()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    2. PKU China Center for Health Development Studies, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2023-05-26 Revised:2023-06-13 Published:2023-10-05 Online:2023-06-15
  • Contact: LIU Xiaoyun

摘要: 背景 高血压和糖尿病是影响人群健康的两种主要慢性病,患者需要接受长期的慢性病随访来控制病情。而目前对医防融合下慢性病不同随访形式、随访内容对患者病情控制和健康行为形成的影响了解不足。 目的 探讨医防融合背景下慢性病随访对高血压、糖尿病患者健康行为及血压/血糖控制的影响。 方法 选取河南宜阳县、湖北咸丰县和山西阳曲县作为研究现场,采集2017-01-01—2022-06-30的基本公共卫生信息系统数据;并于2022年7月开展患者调查,收集患者接受基本公共卫生随访的情况和健康行为、病情控制情况。最终从基本公共卫生信息系统获得102 769名高血压患者数据、26 586名糖尿病患者数据,通过问卷调查获得1 172名高血压患者数据、456名糖尿病患者数据。采用多因素Logistic回归分析随访次数达标情况、随访形式、随访内容对患者健康行为和病情控制的影响。 结果 2021年高血压患者随访达标(随访次数≥4次/年)率为90.83%(67 709/74 545),糖尿病患者随访达标率为83.35%(13 390/16 065)。随访形式包括入户随访〔25.74%(408/1 585)〕、机构就诊时随访〔58.80%(932/1 585)〕、电话或网络随访〔15.46%(245/1 585)〕,随访内容包括血压/血糖测量〔91.15%(1 484/1 628)〕、生活方式指导〔74.14%(1 207/1 628)〕、询问疾病情况〔70.02%(1 140/1 628)〕、了解用药情况〔69.29%(1 128/1 628)〕。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:随访次数达标的患者血压控制率(OR=1.09,P<0.05)和血糖控制率(OR=1.31,P<0.05)更高,吸烟饮酒率更低(OR=0.83,P<0.05),有定期锻炼习惯的比例更高(OR=1.30,P<0.05);随访形式为机构就诊时随访的患者戒烟戒酒率(OR=2.38,P<0.05)、有定期锻炼习惯的比例(OR=1.62,P<0.05)高于网络或电话随访患者,入户随访的患者戒烟戒酒率(OR=2.33,P<0.05)、有定期锻炼习惯的比例(OR=2.54,P<0.05)高于网络或电话随访患者;主要随访内容为接受生活方式指导、询问疾病情况、了解用药情况的患者血压控制率更高(OR值分别为1.61、1.34、1.62,P均<0.05),戒烟戒酒比例更高(OR值分别为3.59、3.54、2.91,P均<0.05),有定期锻炼习惯的比例更高(OR值分别为3.16、2.15、2.45,P均<0.05)。 结论 每年接受至少4次慢性病随访,以就诊时随访、入户随访为随访形式,为患者提供血压/血糖测量、生活方式指导、询问疾病状况和了解用药情况等随访服务,与患者血压/血糖控制水平、戒烟戒酒和定期锻炼生活习惯形成有正相关关系。

关键词: 高血压, 糖尿病, 医防融合, 慢性病随访, 健康行为, 血压控制, 血糖控制

Abstract:

Background

Hypertension and diabetes are two major chronic diseases affecting population health, and need to be controlled through chronic diseases follow-up. However, there is currently insufficient understanding of the impact of different chronic diseases follow-up forms and contents on disease control and healthy behaviors of patients.

Objective

To explore the impact of the chronic diseases follow-up on health behaviors and blood pressure/glucose control of patients with hypertension and diabetes in the context of treatment-prevention integration.

Methods

Yiyang County in Henan Province, Xianfeng County in Hubei Province and Yangqu County in Shanxi Province were selected as study sites to collect data from the basic public health information system from 2017-01-01 to 2022-06-30. Patient survey was conducted in July 2022 to collect information on basic public health follow-up receiving, health behaviors and disease control of patients. Finally, 102 769 patients with hypertension and 26 586 patients with diabetes were obtained from the basic public health information system, the data of 1 172 patients with hypertension and 456 patients with diabetes were obtained through patient surveys. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of the standard-reaching frequency of follow-up, follow-up forms and contents on health behaviors and disease control of patients.

Results

In 2021, the standard-reaching rates of follow-up frequency of patients with hypertension and diabetes were 90.83% (67 709/74 545) and 83.35% (13 390/16 065) , with frequency≥4 times/year as the standard. The follow-up forms included household follow-up〔25.74% (408/1 585) 〕, follow-up at institutional visits〔58.80% (932/1 585) 〕, telephone or network follow-up〔15.46% (245/1 585) 〕. The follow-up contents included blood pressure and blood glucose measurements〔91.15% (1 484/1 628) 〕, lifestyle guidance〔74.14% (1 207/1 628) 〕, disease inquiry〔70.02% (1 140/1 628) 〕, and drug use understanding〔69.29% (1 128/1 628) 〕. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with higher standard-reaching rates of follow-up frequency had higher rates of blood pressure control (OR=1.09, P<0.05) and glucose control (OR=1.31, P<0.05) , lower rates of smoking and drinking (OR=0.83, P<0.05) , and higher rates of regular exercise habits (OR=1.30, P<0.05) . The proportions of smoking and alcohol cessation (OR=2.38, P<0.05) and regular exercise habits (OR=1.62, P<0.05) were higher in the patients followed up at institutional visits than those followed up by telephone or network. The proportions of smoking and alcohol cessation (OR=2.33, P<0.05) and regular exercise habits (OR=2.54, P<0.05) of patients received household follow up were higher than those followed up by telephone or network. Patients who received lifestyle guidance, disease inquiry, and drug use understanding had higher rates of blood pressure control (OR=1.61, 1.34, and 1.62, respectively; P<0.05) , smoking and alcohol cessation (OR=3.59, 3.54, and 2.91, respectively; P<0.05) and regular exercise habits (OR=3.16, 2.15, 2.45, respectively; P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Receiving chronic diseases follow-up at least 4 times per year, with follow-up at institutional visits and household follow-up as the forms, provided with blood pressure and blood glucose measurements, lifestyle guidance, disease inquiry and drug use understanding as the contents in patients were positive correlated with blood pressure/glucose control, smoking and alcohol cessation, and regular exercise habits.

Key words: Hypertension, Diabetes, Treatment-prevention integration, Chronic disease follow-up, Health behaviors, Blood pressure control, Glycemic control