中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (03): 356-366.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0544

• 医学循证 • 上一篇    下一篇

早产儿支气管肺发育不良危险因素的Meta分析

虞竹梅1,2, 刘安诺1,*(), 肖娟2, 汤玉霞3, 宇丽3, 童欢欢2   

  1. 1.230032 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学护理学院
    2.230022 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科
    3.230022 安徽省合肥市,安徽医科大学第一附属医院儿科
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-06 修回日期:2022-08-12 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘安诺
  • 虞竹梅,刘安诺,肖娟,等.早产儿支气管肺发育不良危险因素的Meta分析[J].中国全科医学,2023,26(3):356-366. [www.chinagp.net]
    作者贡献:虞竹梅负责论文撰写、成文并对文章负责;肖娟、童欢欢负责收集资料、提取及分析数据、质量评价;汤玉霞、宇丽负责论文的构思与设计、可行性分析、论文的修订;刘安诺进行审校及总体质量控制。
  • 基金资助:
    儿科护理学教学团队(2020jxtd128)

Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants: a Meta-analysis

YU Zhumei1,2, LIU Annuo1,*(), XIAO Juan2, TANG Yuxia3, YU Li3, TONG Huanhuan2   

  1. 1.School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
    2.Department of Neonatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
    3.Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
  • Received:2022-04-06 Revised:2022-08-12 Published:2023-01-20 Online:2022-09-30
  • Contact: LIU Annuo
  • About author:
    YU Z M, LIU A N, XIAO J, et al. Risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants: a meta-analysis [J] . Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26 (3) : 356-366.

摘要: 背景 支气管肺发育不良(BPD)是早产儿最常见的严重肺部疾病,是多种因素对未成熟肺的损伤,识别BPD的危险因素对制定预防策略至关重要。目前BPD的危险因素尚存争议,且国内外鲜有系统评价。 目的 系统分析早产儿BPD的危险因素。 方法 计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普网(VIP)、PubMed、EmBase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library中有关早产儿BPD危险因素的文献,检索时限为建库至2021年10月。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入23篇文献,BPD早产儿累计33 508例,各文献纽尔卡斯-渥太华量表(NOS)评分总体质量较高。Meta分析结果显示,母亲合并绒毛膜羊膜炎〔比值比(OR)=1.46,95%CI(1.18,1.80),P=0.000 6〕、母亲合并妊娠期高血压〔OR=1.26,95%CI(1.15,1.37),P<0.000 01〕、母亲合并胎膜早破〔OR=1.18,95%CI(1.10,1.26),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿小于胎龄儿(SGA)〔OR=2.64,95%CI(1.85,3.77),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿产房气管插管〔OR=2.50,95%CI(1.39,4.50),P=0.002〕、早产儿5 min Apgar评分<7分〔OR=2.47,95%CI(1.36,4.47),P=0.003〕、男性早产儿〔OR=1.49,95%CI(1.43,1.55),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿机械通气〔OR=1.59,95%CI(1.28,1.96),P<0.000 1〕、早产儿机械通气>7 d〔OR=7.99,95%CI(4.47,14.29),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿使用肺表面活性物质〔OR=3.46,95%CI(1.96,6.11),P<0.000 1〕、早产儿使用类固醇〔OR=2.42,95%CI(1.93,3.03),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)〔OR=3.40,95%CI(2.01,5.75),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿动脉导管未闭(PDA)〔OR=1.96,95%CI(1.38,2.79),P=0.000 2〕、早产儿败血症〔OR=1.82,95%CI(1.36,2.44),P<0.000 1〕、早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)〔OR=1.62,95%CI(1.18,2.22),P=0.003〕是早产儿发生BPD的危险因素。早产儿出生体质量高〔OR=0.79,95%CI(0.76,0.83),P<0.000 01〕、早产儿胎龄高〔OR=0.80,95%CI(0.73,0.87),P<0.000 01〕是早产儿发生BPD的保护因素。漏斗图结合Begg's检验和Egger's检验显示无发表偏倚(P>0.05)。 结论 当前证据表明,母亲合并绒毛膜羊膜炎、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破及早产儿SGA、产房气管插管、5 min Apgar评分<7分、男性、机械通气、机械通气>7 d、使用肺表面活性物质、使用类固醇、RDS、PDA、败血症、NEC是早产儿BPD发生的危险因素,高出生体质量、高胎龄是早产儿发生BPD的保护因素,医护人员应及时识别并处理相关危险因素,预防早产儿BPD的发生。

关键词: 支气管肺发育不良, 婴儿, 早产, 危险因素, 观察性研究, 病例对照研究, 队列研究, Meta分析

Abstract:

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common severe lung disease in premature infants, which is the damage to immature lung caused by multiple factors. Identifying risk factors of BPD is important for developing prevention strategies. The risk factors of BPD are still controversial, and there are few systematic reviews.

Objective

To systematically analyze the risk factors for BPD in preterm infants.

Methods

This study searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for studies evaluating risk factors of BPD from inception to October 2021. We used RevMan 5.3 software to perform meta-analysis.

Results

We included 23 studies of 33 508 BPD premature infants. The overall NOS scores of included studies were relatively high. The results of meta-analysis showed that mother with chorioamnionitis〔OR=1.46, 95%CI (1.18, 1.80) , P=0.000 6〕, gestational hypertension〔OR=1.26, 95%CI (1.15, 1.37) , P<0.000 01〕, premature rupture of membranes〔OR=1.18, 95%CI (1.10, 1.26) , P<0.000 01〕, preterm infants with small for gestational age (SGA) 〔OR=2.64, 95%CI (1.85, 3.77) , P<0.000 01〕, delivery room intubation of preterm infants〔OR=2.50, 95%CI (1.39, 4.50) , P=0.002〕, premature 5 min Apgar score<7 points〔OR=2.47, 95%CI (1.36, 4.47) , P=0.003〕, male preterm infants〔OR=1.49, 95%CI (1.43, 1.55) , P<0.000 01〕, mechanical ventilation in preterm infants〔OR=1.59, 95%CI (1.28, 1.96) , P<0.000 1〕, mechanical ventilation in preterm infants>7 days〔OR=7.99, 95%CI (4.47, 14.29) , P<0.000 01〕, preterm infants treated with surfactant〔OR=3.46, 95%CI (1.96, 6.11) , P<0.000 1〕, steroids used in preterm infants〔OR=2.42, 95%CI (1.93, 3.03) , P<0.000 01〕, preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 〔OR=3.40, 95%CI (2.01, 5.75) , P<0.000 01〕, preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 〔OR=1.96, 95%CI (1.38, 2.79) , P=0.002〕, preterm infants with sepsis〔OR=1.82, 95%CI (1.36, 2.44) , P<0.000 1〕, preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 〔OR=1.62, 95%CI (1.18, 2.22) , P=0.003〕were risk factors for BPD in preterm infants. Preterm infants with high birth weight〔OR=0.79, 95%CI (0.76, 0.83) , P<0.000 01〕 and preterm infants with large gestational age〔OR=0.80, 95%CI (0.73, 0.87) , P<0.000 01〕were protective factors for BPD in preterm infants. Funnel plots, Begg's test and Egger's test showed that there was no publication bias (P>0.05) .

Conclusion

Current evidence showed that mother with chorioamnionitis, gestational hypertension, preterm rupture of membranes and preterm infants with SGA, delivery room intubation, 5 min Apgar score <7 points, male, mechanical ventilation, mechanical ventilation>7 days, administration of pulmonary surfactant, steroids, RDS, PDA, sepsis, NEC were risk factors for BPD in preterm infants. High birth weight and large gestational age were protective factors for BPD in preterm infants. Clinicians should identify and address the relevant risk factors of BPD, thus preventing the BPD in premature infants.

Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Infant, premature, Risk factors, Observational study, Case-control studies, Cohort studies, Meta-analysis