中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 3884-3889.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0001

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国长寿地区老年人血尿酸水平与慢性肾脏病发病风险研究

张鹏1, 高鹰2,*(), 杨洪喜3, 万春晓1,*()   

  1. 1300052 天津市,天津医科大学总医院康复医学科
    2300052 天津市,天津医科大学总医院健康管理中心
    3300070 天津市,天津医科大学基础医学院生物信息系
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-03 修回日期:2023-05-29 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 高鹰, 万春晓

  • 作者贡献:张鹏负责数据的整理、分析及初稿撰写;高鹰负责研究选题,对文章整体负责;杨洪喜负责数据分析;万春晓负责文章质量控制及审校;所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72104179); 天津市卫生健康科技项目(KJ20178); 天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目(TJYXZDXK-060B)

Association between Serum Uric Acid Level and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease among the Elderly in Longevity Areas of China

ZHANG Peng1, GAO Ying2,*(), YANG Hongxi3, WAN Chunxiao1,*()   

  1. 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
    2Health Management Center, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
    3Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
  • Received:2023-02-03 Revised:2023-05-29 Published:2023-11-05 Online:2023-07-14
  • Contact: GAO Ying, WAN Chunxiao

摘要: 背景 血尿酸(SUA)升高导致的高尿酸血症(HUA)已被证实是慢性肾脏病(CKD)发生发展的独立危险因素,但国内关于老年人SUA水平与CKD发生发展关联的队列研究较少。 目的 探讨中国长寿地区老年人基线SUA水平及其变化与CKD发病风险及估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)变化关联。 方法 2021年12月—2022年5月,基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)子队列——老年健康生物标志物队列研究(HABCS),选取2012、2014年接受健康体检并采集生物医学指标的老年人为研究对象,收集基线及随访期老年人年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖等生物医学指标。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析不同SUA水平与CKD发病风险关联;采用Spearman秩相关和广义线性模型分别分析老年人基线SUA水平与基线eGFR的相关性及老年人SUA水平变化与eGFR变化的相关性。 结果 共纳入研究对象981名,中位年龄79(70,88)岁,HUA患病率为6.8%(67/981),累积随访2 029人年,中位随访2.05年,CKD新发病例共179例,随访期间CKD累积发病率为18.2%〔95%CI(15.9%,20.8%)〕,发病密度88.22/1 000人年〔95%CI(76.24/1 000人年,101.41/1 000人年)〕。以SUA四分位数分组为因变量的Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,与基线SUA最低四分位数组(Q1)相比,最高四分位数组(Q4)老年人CKD发病风险的HR值为2.08〔95%CI(1.27,3.41),P=0.004〕。以SUA水平为因变量的Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,基线SUA水平每升高10 μmol/L,老年人CKD发病风险增加4%(P<0.001)。以是否患HUA为因变量的Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,与基线未患HUA老年人相比,患HUA老年人CKD发病风险增加,HR值为2.00〔95%CI(1.20,3.24),P=0.007〕。老年人基线SUA中位数为270.60(223.10,325.90) μmol/L,基线eGFR中位数为84.07(73.08,98.38) mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1,Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,二者呈负相关(rs=-0.363,P<0.001)。广义线性模型分析结果显示,老年人基线SUA水平每升高10 μmol/L,基线eGFR下降0.897 mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1(P<0.001)。本研究随访期间老年人ΔSUA中位数为-3.55(-40.60,31.90) μmol/L,ΔeGFR中位数为3.49(-8.13,15.89) mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1,Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,二者呈负相关(rs=-0.355,P<0.001)。广义线性模型分析结果显示,随访期间老年人SUA水平每升高10 μmol/L,伴随老年人eGFR下降1.027 mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1(P<0.001)。 结论 老年人SUA水平升高与新发CKD风险增加及eGFR的降低相关。

关键词: 慢性肾脏病, 高尿酸血症, 肾小球滤过率, 老年人, 队列研究, 长寿地区

Abstract:

Background

Hyperuricemia (HUA) caused by elevated serum uric acid (SUA) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are few cohort studies on the correlation of SUA level with the development and progression of CKD in the elderly of China.

Objective

To explore the association of baseline SUA level and its changes with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the elderly in longevity areas of China.

Methods

Based on the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS), a sub cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), the older adults who received physical examination and with biomedical indicators in 2012 and 2014 were selected as the study subjects from December 2021 to May 2022. The age, gender, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and other biomedical indicators were collected at baseline and follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of different SUA levels with the risk of CKD. Spearman rank correlation and generalized linear model analysis were used to analyze the association between baseline SUA level and baseline eGFR level and the linear correlation between changes in SUA level and eGFR changes in the elderly, respectively.

Results

A total of 981 subjects were included in the study, with the median age of 79 (70, 88) years, the prevalence of HUA of 6.8% (67/981), the cumulative follow-up of 2 029 person-years and the median follow-up of 2.05 years, including 179 new cases of CKD, the cumulative incidence of CKD during the follow-up was 18.2%〔95%CI (15.9%, 20.8%) 〕, and the incidence density was 88.22/1 000 person-years〔95%CI (76.24/1 000 person-years, 101.41/1 000 person-years) 〕. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with SUA quartile grouping as the independent variable showed that compared with the lowest quartile group of baseline SUA level (Q1), the HR value for the risk of CKD in the highest quartile group of baseline SUA level (Q4) was 2.08〔95%CI (1.27, 3.41), P=0.004〕. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with SUA level as the independent variable showed that, for every 10 μmol/L increase in baseline SUA level, the risk of CKD in the elderly increased by 4% (P<0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with HUA as the independent variable showed an increased risk of CKD in elderly with HUA compared to those without HUA, with the HR value of 2.00〔95%CI (1.20, 3.24), P=0.007〕. The median baseline SUA was 270.60 (223.10, 325.90) μmol/L, the median baseline eGFR was 84.07 (73.08, 98.38) mL·min-1· (1.73 m2) -1 in the elderly. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the above two (rs=-0.363, P<0.001). The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that for every 10 μmol/L increase in baseline SUA level, the baseline eGFR decreased by 0.897 mL·min-1· (1.73 m2) -1 (P<0.001). The median change of SUA level was -3.55 (-40.60, 31.90) μmol/L and the median change of eGFR was 3.49 (-8.13, 15.89) mL·min-1· (1.73 m2) -1 in the elderly during the follow-up period of this study, and Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the above two (rs=-0.355, P<0.001). The results of the generalized linear model analysis showed that for every 10 μmol/L increase in SUA level in the elderly during the follow-up period, eGFR decreased by 1.027 mL·min-1· (1.73 m2) -1 in the elderly (P<0.001) .

Conclusion

Elevated SUA level in the elderly is associated with an increased risk of CKD and a declined eGFR in China.

Key words: Chronic kidney disease, Hyperuricemia, Glomerular filtration rate, Aged, Cohort study, Longevity areas