中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (11): 1327-1333.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.02.027

所属专题: 睡眠研究最新文章合集 老年人群健康最新文章合集 骨健康最新文章合集 睡眠问题专题研究 老年问题最新文章合集

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睡眠时间和睡眠质量对我国中老年人腰背痛发生风险的影响研究

李巧梅, 王一卉, 余莉, 王鹏举, 高银燕, 赵虹琳, 丁国武*   

  1. 730000 甘肃省兰州市,兰州大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理研究所
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-20 修回日期:2022-02-12 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 丁国武

Effect of Sleep Time and Sleep Quality on the Risk of Low Back Pain among the Middle-aged and Elderly People in China

LI QiaomeiWANG YihuiYU LiWANG PengjuGAO YinyanZHAO HonglinDING Guowu*   

  1. Department of Social Medicine and Health ManagementSchool of Public HealthLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

    *Corresponding authorDING GuowuProfessorMaster supervisorE-maildinggwlzu@163.com

    LI Qiaomei and WANG Yihui are co-first authors

  • Received:2021-10-20 Revised:2022-02-12 Published:2022-04-15 Online:2022-03-28

摘要: 背景腰背痛作为具有致残性的疼痛之一,严重影响患者生活质量,且会造成巨大的经济负担。有研究表明较差的睡眠质量对腰背痛的发生有一定影响,但目前睡眠时间与腰背痛发生风险的剂量反应关系尚不明确,且国内缺乏此方面的研究。目的探究睡眠时间和睡眠质量对我国中老年人腰背痛发生风险的影响。方法利用2011—2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)纵向数据,选取2011、2013、2015年3次调查中基线年龄>45岁的中老年人为研究对象。随访截止时间为2015-12-31,以研究对象自报的腰部和背部疼痛为结局事件,出现结局事件即终止随访。采用多元Cox比例风险回归分析探究睡眠时间、睡眠质量对中老年人腰背痛发生风险的影响以及二者的联合效应,利用限制性立方样条模型分析睡眠时间与腰背痛发生风险的剂量反应关系。结果共纳入4 459名调查对象,平均随访(3.6±0.8)年;睡眠时间:<7 h/d 1 549人(34.74%),7~8 h/d 1 843人(41.33%),≥9 h/d 1 067人(23.93%);睡眠质量好2 700人(60.55%),睡眠质量受损1 759人(39.45%)。共643人发生腰背痛,发生率为14.42%(643/4 459)。睡眠时间<7 h/d的中老年人腰背痛发生率〔20.92%(324/1 549 )〕高于睡眠时间7~8 h/d〔10.91%(201/1 843)〕及≥9 h/d〔11.06%(118/1 067)〕的中老年人(P<0.05)。睡眠质量受损的中老年人腰背痛发生率〔21.38%(376/1 759)〕高于睡眠质量好的〔9.89%(267/2 700)〕中老年人(P<0.05)。多元Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,相较于睡眠时间7~8 h/d,睡眠时间<7 h/d是中老年人发生腰背痛的影响因素〔HR=1.63,95%CI(1.37,1.95),P<0.05〕;相较于睡眠质量好,睡眠质量受损是中老年人发生腰背痛的影响因素〔HR=1.85,95%CI(1.58,2.17),P<0.05〕。睡眠时间<7 h/d的男性和女性腰背痛发生风险分别是睡眠时间7~8 h/d的男性和女性的1.47倍〔95%CI(1.09,1.98),P<0.05〕和1.76倍〔95%CI(1.41,2.20),P<0.05〕;睡眠质量受损的男性和女性腰背痛发生风险分别是睡眠质量好的男性和女性的2.09倍〔95%CI(1.60,2.74),P<0.05〕和1.73倍〔95%CI(1.41,2.11),P<0.05〕。限制性立方样条模型分析结果显示,睡眠时间与中老年人腰背痛发生风险有线性剂量反应关系(总趋势P<0.05,非线性P=0.33),腰背痛发生风险随睡眠时间缩短而增加;男、女性睡眠时间与腰背痛发生风险有线性剂量反应关系(男性:总趋势P<0.05,非线性P=0.66;女性:总趋势P<0.05,非线性P=0.23),男、女性睡眠时间越短(<7 h/d)则腰背痛发生风险越高。多元Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,相较于睡眠时间7~8 h/d且睡眠质量好,仅睡眠时间≥9 h/d且睡眠质量好与中老年人腰背痛发生风险无相关性(P>0.05),睡眠时间<7 h/d且睡眠质量好、睡眠时间<7 h/d且睡眠质量受损、睡眠时间7~8 h/d且睡眠质量受损、睡眠时间≥9 h/d且睡眠质量受损均会增加中老年人腰背痛发生风险(P<0.05)。结论睡眠时间不足、睡眠质量受损与中老年人腰背痛发生风险密切相关,且睡眠时间不足和睡眠质量受损同时存在时中老年人腰背痛发生风险增加更明显。

关键词: 腰痛, 背痛, 疼痛, 睡眠异常, 睡眠时间, 睡眠质量, 影响因素分析

Abstract: Background

As one of the disabling pains, low back pain seriously affects the quality of life of patients and causes a huge economic burden to them. Studies have shown that poor sleep quality has a certain effect on the occurrence of low back pain, but the dose-response relationship between sleep time and the risk of low back pain has been currently unclear, and there is a lack of relevant research in this area in China.

Objective

To explore the effect of sleep time and sleep quality on the risk of low back pain among the middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Methods

Using the longitudinal data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 to 2015, all middle-aged and elderly people with a baseline age >45 year sat baseline from the three surveys in 2011, 2013, and 2015 were selected as the research subjects. The cut-off time of follow-up was 2015-12-31, and the self-reported low back and back pain was used as the outcome event, and follow-up was terminated upon the occurrence of the outcome event. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to assess the effect of sleep time and sleep quality on the risk of low back pain and the combined effect of them. Restricted cubic spline model was used to analyze the dose-response relationship between sleep time and the risk of low back pain.

Results

A total of 4 459 subjects were included, with an average follow-up of (3.6±0.8) years; sleep duration: <7 h/d in 1 549 subjects (34.74%) , 7-8 h/d in 1 843 subjects (41.33%) , ≥9 h/d in 1 067 subjects (23.93%) ; 2 700 people (60.55%) with good sleep quality and 1 759 people (39.45%) with impaired sleep quality. A total of 643 people developed low back pain, the incidence rate was 14.42% (643/4 459) . The prevalence of low back pain in middle-aged and elderly people with sleep time <7 h/d was higher than that in middle-aged and elderly people with sleep time of 7-8 h/d and ≥9 h/d 〔the prevalence rates were 20.92% (324/1 549 ) , 10.91% (201/1 843) and 11.06% (118/1 067) 〕 (P<0.05) . The prevalence of low back pain among middle-aged and elderly people with impaired sleep quality was higher than that of middle-aged and elderly people with good sleep quality 〔21.38% (376/1 759) and 9.89% (267/2 700) 〕 (P<0.05) . The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that, compared with sleep time of 7-8 h/d, sleep time <7 h/d was the influential factor of low back pain 〔HR=1.63, 95%CI (1.37, 1.95) , P<0.05〕; compared with better sleep quality, impaired sleep quality was an influential factor of low back pain 〔HR=1.85, 95%CI (1.58, 2.17) , P<0.05〕; compared with male and female sleeping for 7-8 h/d, the risk of low back pain in male and female sleeping <7 h/d was 1.47 times 〔95%CI (1.09, 1.98) , P<0.05〕 and 1.76 times 〔95%CI (1.41, 2.20) , P<0.05〕.The data changed to 2.09 times 〔95%CI (1.60, 2.74) , P<0.05〕 and 1.73 times 〔95%CI (1.41, 2.11) , P<0.05〕 when comparing happened between impaired and good sleep quality (P<0.05) . Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed a linear dose-response relationship between sleep time and the risk of low back pain (Ptrend<0.05, Pnon-linear=0.33) , and the risk of low back pain increased with the decrease of sleep time. There was a linear dose-response relationship between sleep time and the risk of low back pain in male and female (male: Ptrend<0.05, Pnon-linear=0.66; female: Ptrend<0.05, Pnon-linear=0.23) , and the risk of low back pain in male and female increased with the decrease of sleep time (<7 h/d) .The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that, only sleep time ≥9 h/d with good sleep quality was not associated with the risk of low back pain compared to sleep time 7-8 h/d with good sleep quality (P>0.05) , sleep time<7 h/d with good sleep quality, sleep time<7 h/d with impaired sleep quality, sleep time 7-8 h/d with impaired sleep quality, sleep time≥ 9 h/d with impaired sleep quality all increased the risk of low back pain (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Insufficient sleep time and impaired sleep quality are closely related to the occurrence of low back pain, and the risk of low back pain is significantly increased when insufficient sleep time and impaired sleep quality coexist.

Key words: Low back pain, Back pain, Pain, Dyssomnias, Sleep time, Sleep quality, Root cause analysis

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