中国全科医学 ›› 2019, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (15): 1784-1788.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2019.00.118

所属专题: 跌倒最新文章合集

• 专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人认知功能和跌倒的关系研究

马雅军1,李晓东1,胡志灏1,蒋晓燕2,王笑峰3,李淑娟1*   

  1. 1.100020北京市,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院神经内科 2.200092上海市,同济大学医学院病理学与病理生理学系 3.200433上海市,复旦大学生命科学学院
    *通信作者:李淑娟,副教授,主任医师;E-mail:2431965@qq.com
  • 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-05-20
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(81771414,81571372,81670465)

Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Falls in Older People 

MA Yajun1,LI Xiaodong1,HU Zhihao1,JIANG Xiaoyan2,WANG Xiaofeng3,LI Shujuan1*   

  1. 1.Department of Neurology,Beijing Chao-yang Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100020,China
    2.Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology,Tongji University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200092,China
    3.School of Life Sciences Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China
    *Corresponding author:LI Shujuan,Associate professor,Chief physician;E-mail:2431965@qq.com
  • Published:2019-05-20 Online:2019-05-20

摘要: 背景 跌倒既可直接造成伤害,又可导致害怕再次跌倒的心理状态,继而降低老年人的活动能力、灵活性和独立性。已有研究显示认知功能障碍可能增加跌倒的风险。然而,二者的因果关系并未完全阐明。目的 探讨中国老年人认知功能障碍和跌倒的关系,以期为跌倒或认知功能障碍的影响因素研究提供数据支撑。方法 2018年7—9月选取如皋长寿和衰老研究的子队列中1 692例老年人的认知功能和跌倒数据。根据改良长谷川痴呆量表(HDS-R)得分将老年人分为无认知功能障碍组(HDS-R得分>21.5分,890例)和认知功能障碍组(HDS-R得分≤21.5分,802例)。根据近1年(2015—2016年)跌倒发生次数将老年人分为无跌倒组(0次,1 316例)和跌倒组(≥1次,376例)。比较无认知功能障碍组与认知功能障碍组一般资料(2016年第1次随访数据),无跌倒组与跌倒组一般资料、认知功能障碍发生情况;分析认知功能和跌倒的关联。结果 无认知功能障碍组与认知功能障碍组年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、BMI、自评健康状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无跌倒组与跌倒组性别、受教育程度、婚姻状况、自评健康状况、认知功能障碍发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整了年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、BMI后,HDS-R得分≤21.5分情况〔OR=1.36,95%CI(1.01,1.84)〕、HDS-R得分每增加1分〔OR=0.96,95%CI(0.94,0.99)〕、HDS-R得分每增加1个标准差〔OR=0.77,95%CI(0.66,0.91)〕与跌倒有关(P<0.05);在调整了年龄、性别、职业、受教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、BMI、自评健康状况、高血压发生情况、糖尿病发生情况后,HDS-R得分每增加1分〔OR=0.97,95%CI(0.95,0.99)〕、HDS-R得分每增加1个标准差〔OR=0.81,95%CI(0.69,0.96)〕与跌倒有关(P<0.05)。结论 女性、文盲、目前没有婚姻伴侣、自评健康状况较差的老年人的认知功能障碍和跌倒的发生率较高,且老年人认知功能障碍与跌倒发生显著相关,提示认知功能障碍可能是跌倒发生的危险因素。因此,在评估老年人跌倒风险时,认知功能可以作为参考依据之一,及早识别认知功能障碍可能有利于跌倒的预防。

关键词: 认知障碍, 跌倒, 老年人

Abstract: Background Falls can not only directly cause injuries,but also lead to the fear of falling again,reducing the mobility,flexibility and independence of the elderly.Cognitive impairment has been shown to increase the risk of falls.However,the causal relationship between the two has not been fully elucidated.Objective To explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and falls in elderly Chinese and provide data support for the research on the influencing factors of falls or cognitive impairment.Methods From July to September 2018,the cognitive function and fall data of a subcohort(n=1 692)of Rugao Longevity and Aging Study were selected.According to the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HSD-R)score,the elderly were divided into the non-cognitive impairment group(HSD-R score >21.5 points,n=890)and cognitive impairment group(HSD-R score≤ 21.5 points,n=802).In accordance with the falls occurred in the past year(from 2015 to 2016),they were assigned to no fall group(having no falls,n=1 316)and fall group(having at least 1 fall,n=376),respectively.General personal data(the first follow-up data in 2016) were compared between those with cognitive impairment and without,and between those with falls and without.Moreover,the occurrence of cognitive impairment was also compared between those with falls and without.And correlation between cognitive function and falls was analyzed.Results Participants with cognitive impairment and those without showed no significant differences in gender ratio,distributions of age,occupation,education level,marital status,smoking status,drinking status,BMI and self-rated health status(P>0.05).But those with falls and without demonstrated significant differences in gender ratio,distributions of education level,marital status,and self-rated health status,and cognitive impairment prevalence(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that,after adjusting for age,gender,occupation,education level,marital status,smoking status,drinking status and BMI,HSD-R score ≤21.5 points was associated with the occurrence of falls〔OR=1.36,95%CI(1.01,1.84)〕(P<0.05).Each one-point increase in the HSD-R score〔OR=0.96,95%CI(0.94,0.99)〕was associated with falls(P<0.05).And each standard deviation of 1 point increase in the HSD-R score〔OR=0.77,95%CI(0.66,0.91)〕was associated with falls(P<0.05).After adjusting for age,gender,occupation,education level,marital status,smoking status,drinking status,BMI,self-assessed health status,prevalence of hypertension,and prevalence of diabetes,each increase of 1 point in the HSD-R score〔OR=0.97,95%CI(0.95,0.99)〕was associated with falls(P<0.05).And each standard deviation of 1 point in the HSD-R score〔OR=0.81,95%CI(0.69,0.96)〕was associated with falls(P<0.05).Conclusion Female,illiterate,single,and poor self-rated health status were associated with increased risks of cognitive impairment and falls.Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with the occurrence of falls,suggesting that it may be a risk factor for falls.Therefore,cognitive function can be used as one reference indicator for the assessment of the risk of falls in the elderly.Early recognition of cognitive impairment may be conducive to the prevention of falls.

Key words: Cognition disorders, Falls, Aged