Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. It is well known that statins can reduce the risk of CVD and CVD-related death through lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and plaque-stabilizing effects. In August 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) conducted an updated recommendations statement on statins for primary prevention of CVD based on new evidence on the benefits and potential harms of statins in reducing CVD morbidity/mortality and all-cause mortality. The USPSTF recommends statins for the primary prevention of CVD for adults aged 40 to 75 years with 1 or more CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 10% or greater (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer statins for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 75 years who have 1 or more of CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 7.5% to less than 10% (C recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of using statins for primary prevention of CVD events and mortality in adults aged 76 years and above (I statement). This article interprets the latest recommendations in the context of China to provide reference for the use of statins for the primary prevention of CVD in China.

心血管疾病（CVD）是导致死亡的主要原因。他汀类药物通过降脂、抗炎、稳定斑块等作用可减少CVD相关疾病的发生和死亡风险。2022年8月美国预防临床服务指南工作组（USPSTF）对他汀类药物降低CVD发病/死亡以及全因死亡的益处和潜在危害证据进行了全新审查，更新了《他汀类药物用于成年人心血管疾病的一级预防：美国预防临床服务指南工作组推荐声明》，推荐40~75岁伴有≥1种CVD危险因素且10年CVD风险≥10%的成年人使用他汀类药物进行CVD的一级预防（B类推荐）；40~75岁伴有≥1种CVD危险因素且10年CVD风险为7.5%~10.0%的成年人选择性使用他汀类药物进于CVD的一级预防（C类推荐）；但现有证据尚不足以评估≥76岁的成年人使用他汀类药物进行CVD的一级预防以降低CVD事件和死亡的利弊（Ⅰ类声明）。本文结合我国实际，对该最新推荐予以解读，为我国他汀类药物用于CVD的一级预防提供参考。