Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In April 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated and published recommendations on aspirin use to prevent CVD based on the latest evidence-based research results. The USPSTF recommends against initiating low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 60 years and above. The decision to initiate low-dose aspirin use for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 59 years who have a 10% or greater 10-year CVD risk should be an individual one based on shared decision-making between clinicians and patients about the potential benefits and harms. This paper aims to interpret the latest recommendations in the context of China's actual situation, providing a reference on aspirin use to prevent CVD in China.

Lung cancer is the most leading cause of global cancer mortality, underscores the critical importance of early screening and intervention to improve the prognosis and survival time and the overall survival rates of patients. For decades, lung cancer screening guidelines have been continuously updated based on the developed evidence. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has comprehensively updated the recommendations for lung cancer screening in the 2021 version of guideline, assessed the balance of benefits and harms of lung cancer screening through a systematic review and collaborative modeling studies, and scrutinized the performance of tests using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening. The guideline provides latest information on the start and finish time of lung cancer screening, optimal screening intervals, the relative benefits and risks of different screening strategies and updated recommendations. This article aims to interpret the updated guideline and provide recommendations for lung cancer screening in China, taking into account the epidemiology of lung cancer at home and abroad, reports on risk factors, summaries of updates to current guidelines or expert consensus, and the current status of screening.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. It is well known that statins can reduce the risk of CVD and CVD-related death through lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and plaque-stabilizing effects. In August 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) conducted an updated recommendations statement on statins for primary prevention of CVD based on new evidence on the benefits and potential harms of statins in reducing CVD morbidity/mortality and all-cause mortality. The USPSTF recommends statins for the primary prevention of CVD for adults aged 40 to 75 years with 1 or more CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 10% or greater (B recommendation). The USPSTF recommends that clinicians selectively offer statins for the primary prevention of CVD in adults aged 40 to 75 years who have 1 or more of CVD risk factors and an estimated 10-year CVD risk of 7.5% to less than 10% (C recommendation). The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of using statins for primary prevention of CVD events and mortality in adults aged 76 years and above (I statement). This article interprets the latest recommendations in the context of China to provide reference for the use of statins for the primary prevention of CVD in China.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in adults is a common sleep-breathing disorder closely associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other health concerns. Despite its widespread impact on global health, the screening and diagnosis of OSAHS is still not widely available in clinical practice. In this context, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recently released updated recommendations for adult OSAHS screening to help more people identify and treat potential sleep-breathing disorders. This article interprets the latest recommendations and consider the practical situation in China, providing reference for OSAHS screening of adults in China.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illnesses and are often overlooked in primary care settings, with delays in initial treatment and significant impairment on patients' social function and quality of life. In 2023, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a recommendation statement on adult anxiety disorder screening in JAMA, along with the latest evidence report and systematic review results. The USPSTF suggests screening for anxiety in adults, including pregnant and postpartum women. However, current evidence on the risks and benefits of screening for anxiety in older adults is insufficient to determine the pros and cons of screening. This article combines the USPSTF statement with domestic and international research to provide an overview of several aspects: the current state of adult anxiety disorders domestically and internationally, a summary of the USPSTF recommendation statement, risk factors, early screening tools and their pros and cons, treatment, and the value of the statement for general practice guidance.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that seriously harms human health, and it is also a leading cause of death, with a large number of cases being underdiagnosed. Can COPD screening enable early diagnosis of the disease and improve patient outcomes? In 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Screening Recommendation Statement" (hereinafter referred to as the "Recommendation") for asymptomatic adults by evaluating the latest research evidence regarding the benefits and harms of COPD screening. Based on limited evidence, the USPSTF issused a 'D' statement (there is moderate certainty that the screening has no net benefit) and recommends against COPD screening for asymptomatic adults, which is consistent with the 2016 version. The current article interprets the principles of this Recommendation in the context of Chinese general practice.

In 2022, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its recommendations, reviewing the evidence of the benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviors in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors. The conclusions of this review align with the 2017 guidelines. Behavioral counseling interventions in adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors result in minimal net benefits. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians make individualized decisions on whether to provide or recommend behavioral counseling interventions to adults without cardiovascular disease risk factors to promote a healthy diet and physical activity (Grade C). This article provides a comprehensive interpretation of the guidelines in the context of the current status of cardiovascular disease prevention in China, offering valuable insights into cardiovascular disease prevention practices among Chinese adults.

Depression and suicide in adults have become significant public health issues in China and globally, imposing a heavy burden on patients and society. In 2023, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) published a recommendation statement on Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults in JAMA. The statement suggested screening for depression in adults, including pregnant and postpartum individuals, as well as the elderly. However, the evidence regarding the risks and benefits of suicide screening is insufficient, making it challenging to determine its overall impact. This article provides an overview of adult depression and suicide, including epidemiology, risk factors, early screening tools, pros and cons, treatments and interventions, and the guidance value of the USPSTF statement for general practitioners, combining insights from the USPSTF statement and current research both domestically and internationally.

Dyslipidemia due to genetic and multifactorial dyslipidemia has a predisposition to early-onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and consensus and guidelines regarding lipid lowering in adults are well established, but the benefits of lipid screening and treatment in childhood and adolescence for this population are not well established. The United States Preventive Medicine Task Force (USPSTF) issued the Recommendation Statement: Screening for Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents based on a systematic review of evidence with meta-analysis conducted in a large number of randomized controlled trials, large cohort studies in European and American countries, with the aim of assessing evidences whether initiation of lipid screening and early initiation of treatment in childhood and adolescence has long-term benefits for this population. This article provides a detailed interpretation of the guideline, which aims to provide reference to clinical healthcare workers to improve the understanding of dyslipidaemia in children and to decide whether to screen them with a view to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.