中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (20): 2534-2544.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0687

• 医学循证 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国维持性血液透析患者衰弱患病率及影响因素的Meta分析

王晓霞1, 曹学华2,*(), 李艳3, 熊浪宇1, 胡婉琴1, 向凤1, 贾钰1   

  1. 1.610075 四川省成都市,成都中医药大学护理学院
    2.610072 四川省成都市,四川省人民医院妇科
    3.610072 四川省成都市,四川省人民医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-10 修回日期:2024-01-26 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 曹学华

  • 作者贡献:
    王晓霞负责文章的构思与设计、数据收集与整理以及论文的撰写;熊浪宇、胡婉琴进行文献的检索;向凤、贾钰对论文的讨论部分进行补充;曹学华、李艳负责文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责、监督管理。
  • 基金资助:
    成都市科技项目(2022-YF05-01595-SN)

Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Frailty in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in China: a Meta-analysis

WANG Xiaoxia1, CAO Xuehua2,*(), LI Yan3, XIONG Langyu1, HU Wanqin1, XIANG Feng1, JIA Yu1   

  1. 1. School of Nursing, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, China
    2. Department of Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
    3. Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
  • Received:2023-08-10 Revised:2024-01-26 Published:2024-07-15 Online:2024-04-08
  • Contact: CAO Xuehua

摘要: 背景 慢性肾脏疾病成为全球关注的重点问题,而我国肾病患病率为全球最高。约有89.5%的患者需要进行血液透析。近年来,维持性血液透析(MHD)患者衰弱的患病率明显上升,严重影响了患者的生活质量及预后。 目的 通过Meta分析探讨我国MHD患者衰弱患病率及影响因素。 方法 系统检索中国知网、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、CINAHL数据库中有关中国MHD患者衰弱患病率及影响因素的横断面研究和队列研究,检索时限为建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取及质量评价,使用Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析。 结果 纳入32篇文献,包括6 746例患者,其中衰弱患者2 566例,涉及影响因素37项。Meta分析结果显示:我国MHD患者衰弱患病率为37.4%(95%CI=30.3%~44.5%)。年龄(OR=1.09,95%CI=1.06~1.13)、年龄>60岁(OR=3.81,95%CI=2.31~6.30)、女性(OR=2.13,95%CI=1.47~3.08)、独居(OR=2.42,95%CI=1.22~4.80)、睡眠(OR=1.28,95%CI=1.08~1.50)、抑郁(OR=1.97,95%CI=1.26~3.08)、透析龄(OR=3.25,95%CI=1.82~5.79)、社会支持(低水平)(OR=1.99,95%CI=1.39~2.86)、合并并发症(OR=1.79,95%CI=1.40~2.30)、营养不良(OR=1.17,95%CI=1.07~1.28)、Charlson合并症指数(CCI)(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.01~1.71)、C反应蛋白(CRP)(OR=1.15,95%CI=1.09~1.21)、血红蛋白(Hb)<110 g/L(OR=2.70,95%CI=1.67~4.36)、合并糖尿病(OR=2.16,95%CI=1.48~3.16)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=2.66,95%CI=1.85~3.82)、合并冠心病(OR=3.50,95%CI=2.15~5.70)是MHD衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05);高经济收入(OR=0.02,95%CI=0.01~0.14)、社会支持(高水平)(OR=0.86,95%CI=0.76~0.97)、营养良好(OR=0.47,95%CI=0.26~0.85)、日常生活能力(ADL)(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.70~0.91)、血清白蛋白(ALB)(OR=0.84,95%CI=0.77~0.91)、Hb≥110 g/L(OR=0.70,95%CI=0.54~0.90)、25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)VD](OR=0.69,95%CI=0.49~0.98)是MHD衰弱的保护因素(P<0.05)。 结论 我国MHD患者衰弱患病率处于较高水平,其中年龄、女性、独居、经济收入、睡眠、抑郁、透析龄、社会支持、合并并发症、营养风险评分、ADL、CCI、CRP、ALB、Hb、25-(OH)VD、合并糖尿病、合并脑血管疾病和合并冠心病为我国MHD患者衰弱的主要影响因素,今后需要对血液透析衰弱的患者做到早筛查、早干预,减缓或避免其发生。

关键词: 维持性血液透析, 衰弱, 影响因素, 中国, Meta分析

Abstract:

Background

Chronic kidney disease has become a major global concern, and the prevalence of kidney disease in China is the highest in the world. About 89.5% of patients require hemodialysis. In recent years, the prevalence of frailty in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients has risen significantly, seriously affecting the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Objective

To explore the prevalence of frailty and the influencing factors of maintenance hemodialysis patients in China through Meta-analysis.

Methods

Cross-sectional and cohort studies on the prevalence and influencing factors of frailty in Chinese MHD patients were systematically searched in CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The search deadline was from the respective databases to July 2023. Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two researchers. Stata 15.0 was used for meta-analysis.

Results

Thirty-two papers were included, and including 6 746 patients, among which 2 566 experienced frailty, involving 37 influencing factors. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of frailty in MHD patients in China was 37.4% (95%CI=30.3%-44.5%). Age (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.06-1.13), age>60 years (OR=3.81, 95%CI=2.31-6.30), female (OR=2.13, 95%CI=1.47-3.08), living alone (OR=2.42, 95%CI=1.22-4.80), sleep (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.08-1.50), depression (OR=1.97, 95%CI=1.26-3.08), age on dialysis (OR=3.25, 95%CI=1.82-5.79), social support (low level) (OR=1.99, 95%CI=1.39-2.86), comorbidities (OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.40-2.30), malnutrition (OR=1.17, 95%CI=1.07-1.28), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.01-1.71), C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.09-1.21), hemoglobin (Hb<110 g/L) (OR=2.70, 95%CI=1.67-4.36), comorbid diabetes (OR=2.16, 95%CI=1.48-3.16), comorbid cerebrovascular disease (OR=2.66, 95%CI=1.85-3.82), comorbid coronary heart disease (OR=3.50, 95%CI=2.15-5.70) were risk factors for frailty MHD (P<0.05) ; economic income (OR=0.02, 95%CI=0.01-0.14), social support (high level) (OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.76-0.97), well nutrition (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.26-0.85), ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.70-0.91), serum albumin (ALB) (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.77-0.91), Hb≥110 g/L (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.54-0.90), 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25- (OH) VD] (OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.49-0.98) were protective factors for MHD frailty (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

The prevalence of frailty in MHD patients in China is at a high level, in which age, female, living alone, economic income, sleep, depression, age on dialysis, social support, comorbidities, nutritional risk scores, ADL, CCI, CRP, ALB, Hb, 25- (OH) VD, comorbid diabetes mellitus, comorbid cerebrovascular disease, and comorbid coronary heart disease are mainly factors influencing of MHD frailty patients in China, and in the future, there is a need for early screening and intervention to slow down or avoid the occurrence of hemodialysis frailty in patients.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Frailty, Influencing factors, China, Meta-analysis

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