中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (01): 100-108.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.00.307

所属专题: 老年人群健康最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集

• 论著·社区老年人群管理研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

家庭功能在新疆少数民族地区居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭抗逆力间的中介作用研究

张梦梦, 王玉环*, 唐雪婷, 赵淑华, 周佳   

  1. 832002 新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市,石河子大学医学院
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-10 修回日期:2021-09-18 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 王玉环
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71964029)

Mediating Role of Family Function between Disability Severity and Family Resilience in Home-living Older Adults with Disability in Minority Areas of Xinjiang

ZHANG MengmengWANG Yuhuan*TANG XuetingZHAO ShuhuaZHOU Jia   

  1. Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi 832002China

    *Corresponding authorWANG YuhuanProfessorMaster supervisorE-mailwangyuhuan@shzu.edu.en

  • Received:2021-06-10 Revised:2021-09-18 Published:2022-01-05 Online:2021-12-29

摘要: 背景新疆作为多民族聚居且经济欠发达地区,老龄化势态严峻。如何在自身综合实力较弱、居家照护服务体系不健全的条件下推动积极老龄化社会构建?优先关注失能群体,从家庭功能视角提升家庭抗逆力,逐步构建以家庭为核心、社区为依托的居家照护体系显得至关重要。目的分析家庭功能在新疆少数民族地区居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭抗逆力间的作用机制,旨在为提升居家失能老年人家庭抗逆力水平提供新视角、新思路。方法于2020年7—8月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法,选取新疆维吾尔自治区博尔塔拉蒙古自治州431户有维吾尔族/哈萨克族居家失能老年人的家庭开展入户调查。采用自设问卷对居家失能老年人、居家主要照护者和家庭核心成员进行调查,内容包括一般资料调查表、日常生活活动能力量表、认知状态评价量表、家庭抗逆力评估量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷,以评估居家失能老年人失能程度、家庭功能状况和家庭抗逆力水平。采用Spearman秩相关分析居家失能老年人失能程度、家庭功能及其5个维度(适应度、合作度、成长度、情感度和亲密度)与家庭抗逆力之间的相关关系,采用多元线性回归分析和Bootstrap法对家庭功能及其5个维度在居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭抗逆力间的中介效应进行验证和检验。结果按照1∶1∶1的比例,对431户家庭中的居家失能老年人、居家主要照护者、家庭核心人物进行抽取,共纳入居家失能老年人、居家主要照护者、家庭核心人物各431例。431例居家失能老年人中,轻度失能者202例(46.9%),中度失能者173例(40.1%),重度失能者56例(13.0%)。431户家庭中,功能良好家庭200户(46.4%),功能中度障碍家庭188户(43.6%),功能重度障碍家庭43户(10.0%);高抗逆力家庭223户(51.7%),低抗逆力家庭208户(48.3%)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭功能及其5个维度、家庭抗逆力呈负相关(P<0.05);家庭功能及其5个维度与家庭抗逆力呈正相关(P<0.05)。中介效应分析结果显示:家庭功能及其5个维度在居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭抗逆力间存在部分中介效应,中介效应分别占总效应的67.2%(家庭功能)、38.7%(适应度)、47.1%(合作度)、48.2%(成长度)、24.2%(情感度)、25.3%(亲密度)。结论家庭功能在新疆少数民族地区居家失能老年人失能程度与家庭抗逆力间起部分中介效应。对于失能程度较重的老年人,除加大医疗帮扶外,还应调动其家庭内部优势资源,进而改善其家庭功能,提高其家庭抗逆力,从而提升其生活质量,减轻其家庭照护负担。

关键词: 家庭功能, 失能, 老年人, 家庭抗逆力, 中介效应, 新疆维吾尔自治区, 维吾尔族, 哈萨克族

Abstract: Background

As a multi-ethnic and economically underdeveloped region, Xinjiang faces severe challenges coming with an aging population. To promote active aging under the circumstances of unsatisfied comprehensive strength and imperfect home care system, it is important for Xinjiang to give priority to groups with disabilities, improve family resilience via enhancing family functions, and gradually develop a family-centered home care system with community support.

Objective

To explore the mechanism of mediating action of family function between disability severity and family resilience in home-living older adults with disability in Xinjiang's minority areas, offering new ideas for relevant departments to improve family resilience of this population.

Methods

From July to August 2020, a household survey was conducted with older adults with disability, and their primary caregivers and core family members of 431 Uygur or Kazak households selected from Xinjiang's Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture by use of stratified multistage sampling. Questionnaires including demographic questionnaire developed by our research team, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) , Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) , Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) , and the Family Concern Index Questionnaire (APGAR) were used in the survey to collect information regarding degree of disability, family resilience, and family functions of the older adults with disability. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship of family resistance with disability severity, family function and its five functional components (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve) . Multiple linear regression analysis and Bootstrap test were used to verify and examine the medicating effect of family function and its five components between disability severity and family resilience.

Results

From the 431 households, older adults with disability, primary family caregivers, and core family members were selected at a ratio of 1∶1∶1 (each group contained 431 cases) . Among the older adults with disability, the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe disability was 46.9% (202/431) , 40.1% (173/431) , and 13.0% (56/431) , respectively. The prevalence of intact family function, moderate and severe family dysfunction in the households was 46.4% (200/431) , 43.6% (188/431) , and 10.0% (43/431) , respectively. The prevalence of low and high family resilience in the households was 51.7% (223/431) , and 48.3% (208/431) , respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that disability severity of the older adults reduced with the increase of family function and its five components as well as family resilience (P<0.05) . And family resilience grew with the increase of family function and its five components (P<0.05) . Mediation analysis found that family function partially mediated between disability severity and family resilience, with an effect size accounting for 67.2% of the total effect. The components of adaptability, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve also partially mediated between disability severity and family resilience, with effect sizes accounting for 38.7%, 47.1%, 48.2%, 24.2%, and 25.3% of the total effect respectively.

Conclusion

Family function played a partial mediating role between the degree of disability and family resilience in home-living older adults with disability in minority areas of Xinjiang. In view of this, for those with severe disability, besides offering more medical assistance, relevant governments are suggested to pay attention to improving their family function by making use of family internal resources, so as to improve family resilience to enhance the quality of care for this population.

Key words: Family function, Disability, Elderly, Family resilience, Mediating effect, Xinjiang, Uygur, Kazakh

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