关键词: 抑郁, 焦虑, 情绪, 认知, 老年人, 社区医学

Abstract: Background　Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems among the elderly in the community.Management of emotions by use of cognitive strategies is closely related to the life of older people.At present，research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and negative emotions among the elderly is rare.Objective　To examine the relationship of depression and anxiety with cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the elderly in the community，to provide insights to deliver interventions for depression or anxiety in this population.Methods　By use of convenience sampling，550 community-dwelling residents aged 60 or over were selected from Xinxiang，Henan Province from March to April 2018，and were surveyed with the General Demographic Questionnaire developed by our research team，15-item Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS-15），Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7（GAD-7） and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire（CERQ）.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the relationship of depression and anxiety with cognitive emotion regulation strategies.And stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression and anxiety.Results　A total of 514 cases returned responsive questionnaires，indicating that the survey obtained a response rate of 93.5%.The prevalence rates of depression，and anxiety were 26.5%（136/514），and 9.9%（51/514），respectively.Correlation analysis showed that depression scores were positively correlated with self-blame，rumination，catastrophization，and blaming others（P<0.05），and negatively correlated with acceptance，self-consolation，refocus on planning，positive refocusing，and positive reappraisal（P<0.05）；anxiety scores were positively correlated with self-accusation rumination，catastrophization，and blaming others（P<0.05），and negatively correlated with self-consolation acceptance，refocus on planning，positive refocasing，and positive reappraisal（P<0.05）.Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that age，education level，number of chronic diseases，number of good friends，family relationship，physical condition and rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，self-comfort and positive reappraisal were the influencing factors of depression among the elderly in the community（P<0.05）；age，number of chronic diseases，family relationship，average monthly income and rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，and positive reappraisal were the influencing factors of anxiety among the elderly in community（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The incidence rates of anxiety and depression among the elderly in the community are high.The use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies is closely related to depression and anxiety.Those who more frequently use non-adaptive strategies such as rumination，catastrophization，blaming others，and less frequently use positive reappraisal and other adaptive strategies，may be more likely to experience depression and anxiety.

Key words: Depression, Anxiety, Emotions, Cognition, Aged, Community medicine