中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (20): 2829-2835.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0484

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降流行特征及影响因素研究

刘影1, 刘世炜1, 张驰1, 沈姞2, 张玉珊2, 张洁2, 桑莹宸1, 王友娇1, 王蕾3, 周厚广4, 施红2,*()   

  1. 1.100050 北京市,中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)
    2.100730 北京市,北京医院(国家老年医学中心)老年医学科 老年疾病国家临床医学研究中心 国家卫生健康委老年医学重点实验室 中国医学科学院老年医学研究院
    3.200025 上海市,上海交通大学附属瑞金医院老年医学科
    4.200040 上海市,复旦大学附属华山医院老年医学科 国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10 修回日期:2026-03-10 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 施红

  • 作者贡献:

    刘影负责论文设计/撰写、数据统计分析;刘世炜、张驰、沈姞、张玉珊、张洁、桑莹宸、王友娇、王蕾、周厚广负责论文审阅、数据整理/验证;施红负责研究指导、论文审阅、经费支持;所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划"政府间国际科技创新合作"重点专项(2021YFE0111800)

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Subjective Cognitive Decline among Older Stroke Patients in China

LIU Ying1, LIU Shiwei1, ZHANG Chi1, SHEN Ji2, ZHANG Yushan2, ZHANG Jie2, SANG Yingchen1, WANG Youjiao1, WANG Lei3, ZHOU Houguang4, SHI Hong2,*()   

  1. 1. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 100050, China
    2. Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center for Gerontology/National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology/The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC/Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
    3. Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
    4. Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
  • Received:2025-12-10 Revised:2026-03-10 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-06-05
  • Contact: SHI Hong

摘要: 背景 我国痴呆疾病负担严重,而主观认知功能下降是痴呆的早期预警信号,在客观认知损害尚不明显的阶段进行干预,其效果远优于痴呆诊断后的治疗,有望延缓甚至阻止疾病的进展。 目的 分析中国65岁及以上老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降的流行特征及影响因素,为早期干预提供科学依据。 方法 本研究基于2023年5月—2024年6月开展的2024年中国老年健康调查(CAHS)数据,纳入31个省(自治区、直辖市)2 647例老年脑卒中患者作为观察对象。通过主观认知功能下降量表(SCD-9量表)评估主观认知功能,采用加权复杂抽样设计和多因素Logistic回归分析探究主观认知功能下降的影响因素。 结果 加权后数据显示,中国老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降率为62.53%,且区域差异明显,中部为74.74%、东北为72.37%、西部为58.75%、东部为50.14%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,与东部相比,东北地区老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降风险最高(OR=1.289,95%CI=1.189~1.398),中部和西部次之(中部:OR=1.123,95%CI=1.065~1.184;OR=1.069,95%CI=1.012~1.129);年龄(≥75岁:OR=1.901,95%CI=1.805~2.001;70~74岁:OR=1.260,95%CI=1.192~1.330)、居住地(农村:OR=1.072,95%CI=1.023~1.122)、受教育水平(高中及以上:OR=0.835,95%CI=0.787~0.887;初中:OR=0.766,95%CI=0.726~0.808)、家庭月收入(≥10 000元:OR=0.828,95%CI=0.764~0.897;6 000~9 999元:OR=0.875,95%CI=0.819~0.936;3 000~5 999元:OR=0.810,95%CI=0.764~0.858)、焦虑(是:OR=1.258,95%CI=1.184~1.338)和抑郁(是:OR=3.239,95%CI=3.063~3.425)为老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能下降的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 中国老年脑卒中患者主观认知功能患病率高,地区差异显著,抑郁和焦虑是主要可干预因素,需针对高危人群制定区域化早期干预策略,以延缓认知障碍进展。

关键词: 脑卒中, 主观认知功能下降, 老年人, 横断面研究

Abstract:

Background

Dementia imposes a substantial burden in China, Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents an early warning sign of dementia. Interventions initiated during this stage, prior to the onset of objective cognitive impairment, are significantly more effective than treatments administered after a formal dementia diagnosis, offering potential to delay or even prevent disease progression.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics, and determinants of SCD among older adults (aged≥65 years) with a history of stroke in China, thereby providing a scientific basis for early intervention strategies.

Methods

This study utilised data from the 2024 China Aging and Health Survey (CAHS), conducted from May 2023 to June 2024. We included 2 647 older adults with stroke from 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). SCD was assessed using the validated Subjective Cognitive Decline-9 (SCD-9) scale. A weighted complex sampling design was applied to account for the survey structure, and multivariable Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with SCD.

Results

The weighted data showed that the rate of SCD among elderly stroke patients in China was 62.53%, and there were significant regional differences. The rates in the central region are 74.74%, in the northeast 72.37%, in the west 58.75%, and in the east 50.14%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the eastern region, elderly stroke patients in the northeastern region had the highest risk of subjective cognitive decline (OR=1.289, 95%CI=1.189-1.398), followed by those in the central and western regions (central: OR=1.123, 95%CI=1.065-1.184; western: OR=1.069, 95%CI=1.012-1.129). Age (≥75 years: OR=1.901, 95%CI=1.805-2.001; 70-74 years: OR=1.260, 95%CI=1.192-1.330), residence (rural: OR=1.072, 95%CI=1.023-1.122), education level (high school and above: OR=0.835, 95%CI=0.787-0.887; junior high school: OR=0.766, 95%CI=0.726-0.808), monthly household income (≥10 000 yuan: OR=0.828, 95%CI=0.764-0.897; 6 000-9 999 yuan: OR=0.875, 95%CI=0.819-0.936; 3 000-5 999 yuan: OR=0.810, 95%CI=0.764-0.858), anxiety (yes: OR=1.258, 95%CI=1.184-1.338), and depression (yes: OR=3.239, 95%CI=3.063-3.425) were identified as influencing factors for subjective cognitive decline in elderly stroke patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of SCD is high among older adults with stroke in China, with marked regional disparities. Depression and anxiety are major modifiable influencing factors. There is a need to develop regionalized early intervention strategies targeting high-risk populations to delay the progression of cognitive impairment.

Key words: Stroke, Subjective cognitive decline, Older adults, Cross-sectional study

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