中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (04): 444-456.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0217

• 中国全科医疗/社区卫生服务工作研究 • 上一篇    

全科医学科研能力发展的影响因素:一项范围综述

曹新阳1, 汪洋2,3,4,5, 金花2,3,6,7, 于德华2,3,6,7, 杨辉8, 刘晓云4,5,*(), 许岩丽1,*()   

  1. 1.100053 北京市,《中国全科医学》杂志社有限公司
    2.200090 上海市,同济大学附属杨浦医院全科医学科
    3.200090 上海市全科医学与社区卫生发展研究中心
    4.100191 北京市,北京大学公共卫生学院
    5.100191 北京市,北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心
    6.200090 上海市,同济大学医学院全科医学研究中心
    7.200090 上海市全科医学临床质量控制中心
    8.3168 Monash University,Melbourne,Australia
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-29 修回日期:2025-06-26 出版日期:2026-02-05 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓云, 许岩丽
  • 曹新阳和汪洋为共同第一作者


    作者贡献:

    曹新阳负责数据收集、数据分析、论文初稿撰写、论文审校;汪洋负责研究设计、部分数据筛选和分析、论文审校;许岩丽参与部分研究设计并负责整体管理;金花、于德华、杨辉、刘晓云对论文进行审校;于德华、刘晓云、许岩丽对文章整体负责。

Factors Influencing the Development of Research Capabilities in General Practice: a Scoping Review

CAO Xinyang1, WANG Yang2,3,4,5, JIN Hua2,3,6,7, YU Dehua2,3,6,7, YANG Hui8, LIU Xiaoyun4,5,*(), XU Yanli1,*()   

  1. 1. Publishing House Co., Ltd. of Journal of Chinese General Practice, Beijing 100053, China
    2. Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
    3. Research Center for General Practice and Community Health Development, Shanghai 200090, China
    4. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
    5. Peking University China Center for Health Development Studies, Beijing 100191, China
    6. Research Center for General Practice, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
    7. Shanghai General Practice Clinical Quality Control Center, Shanghai 200090, China
    8. Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
  • Received:2024-12-29 Revised:2025-06-26 Published:2026-02-05 Online:2026-01-15
  • Contact: LIU Xiaoyun, XU Yanli
  • About author:

    CAO Xinyang and WANG Yang are co-first authors

摘要: 背景 全科医学作为一种新兴医疗模式,强调以社区为基础的全面医疗服务,旨在提高医疗的可及性和效率。然而,尽管全科医学在提升基本医疗卫生服务能力中扮演关键角色,但全科医学研究仍处于发展滞后的状态,需要通过科学研究和社会支持来改善这一状况,并提高其学科地位。 目的 在研究人员、科研机构和学科整体三个自下而上的层级中,分层次地分析影响全科医学领域科研能力发展的因素。 方法 于2023年12月—2024年3月,本文采用范围综述方法,对中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Web of Science数据库进行检索,并手动浏览国际全科医学科研和行业学会的信息发布平台,以及谷歌搜索引擎,收集2000—2023年发表的全科医学科研能力发展影响因素的相关文献,并通过手动检索补充灰色文献。通过两阶段的筛选,最终纳入相关文献,使用Excel进行数据整理,归类影响因素,并通过归纳性的主题分析法分析数据,最终以日冕图的形式展示研究结果。 结果 本研究最终纳入122篇文献,包括原创研究62篇、系统综述2篇、非原创论文54篇、灰色文献4篇,基于文献分析,共归纳出21项影响全科医学科研能力发展的因素。相关因素被分为个体(研究人员)、群体(机构)和整体(学科)三个层级。个体层面的因素涉及研究人员的科研知识和技能、申请资金的能力、对科研的兴趣和积极性、学习科研知识和发展科研合作的机遇、用于科研工作的时间以及科研和临床工作的结合情况;群体层面的因素涉及科研机构的科研人力、科研资源、科研环境、科研管理机制、科研培训能力、外部科研合作资源和机构管理者的重视程度;学科层面的因素则涉及学科的科研特点、核心的科研和协调机构、政府、学协会、学术期刊和国际合作者的外部影响,以及科研经费等方面。 结论 本研究综述了全球范围内关于全科医学科研能力发展的文献,识别出21个关键的影响因素。在我国的实际环境中,上述因素可能会集中表现为学科组织分散、总体资源有限、学科理论不清、社会认知不足等一系列相互影响的问题。这要求该领域的研究者更加主动地以学科核心理念为导向,对机构的科研绩效导向和管理机制,以及个人的科研领域和路径进行合理的调整和重塑,并增强对全科医生具有全科医学学科特色的科研理论、方法和能力的培养,以增强形成学科合力的基础。

关键词: 全科医学, 科研能力建设, 范围综述, 基本医疗, 初级卫生保健

Abstract:

Background

General practice, as an emerging medical model, emphasizes community-based comprehensive medical services aimed at improving the accessibility and efficiency of healthcare. However, despite its key role in enhancing primary care services, research in general practice remains underdeveloped. There is a need to improve this situation through scientific research and social support, and to elevate its academic status.

Objective

To analyze the factors influencing the development of research capabilities in the field of general practice at three bottom-up levels: researchers, research institutions, and the discipline as a whole.

Methods

This paper employs a scoping review method, searching databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed, and Web of Science. It also manually browses the information release platforms of international general practice research and related societies, along with Google search engine, to collect literature published between 2000 and 2023 on factors affecting the development of research capabilities in general practice. This includes manually searching for grey literature. Through a two-phase screening, relevant literature was finally included, and data were organized in Excel, categorized into influencing factors, and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis method. The results were presented in the form of a coronet diagram.

Results

The study ultimately included 122 literatures, including 62 original research articles, 2 systematic reviews, 54 non-original papers and 4 gray literatures. Through these documents, 21 factors affecting the development of research capabilities in general practice were identified. These factors were divided into individual (researchers), group (institution), and whole (discipline) levels. Individual-level factors involve researchers' knowledge and skills in research, ability to apply for funding, interest in and enthusiasm for research, opportunities for learning research knowledge and developing research cooperation, time available for research work, and the integration of research and clinical work. Group-level factors involve the research human resources, research resources, research environment, research management mechanisms, research training capabilities, external research cooperation resources, and the importance attached by institutional managers. Discipline-level factors involve the characteristics of the discipline's research, core research and coordination institutions, government, academic associations, academic journals, international collaborators, and research funding.

Conclusion

This review summarizes the literature on the development of research capabilities in general practice worldwide, identifying 21 key influencing factors. In the actual context of China, these factors may manifest as a series of interrelated issues such as fragmented disciplinary organization, limited overall resources, unclear disciplinary theory, and insufficient social recognition. This requires researchers in the field to be more proactive in orienting themselves towards the core concepts of the discipline, reasonably adjusting and reshaping the research performance orientation and management mechanisms of institutions, and individual research areas and paths. Additionally, there is a need to enhance the training of general practitioners in the unique research theories, methods, and capabilities of the general practice discipline to strengthen the foundation for forming a disciplinary synergy.

Key words: General practice, Research capacity development, Scoping review, Primary care, Primary health care

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