初产妇和经产妇对妊娠期运动的认知及其体力活动调查研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.32.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的　调查初产妇和经产妇对妊娠期运动的认知及其妊娠期体力活动情况。方法　采用便利抽样法对2015年4—8月在江门市五邑中医院产科门诊产检的孕妇进行调查。以“健康信念模式”为基础由研究者自行设计调查问卷，了解孕妇对妊娠期运动的信念和态度；采用中文版妊娠期身体活动问卷（PPAQ）调查孕妇在不同领域体力活动的能量消耗，以及不同强度体力活动的能量消耗。结果　共发放问卷637份，回收有效问卷612份，有效回收率为96.1%。其中初产妇365例（59.6%），经产妇247例（40.4%）。两组不运动母胎疾病易感性的认知评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；初产妇严重性认知、行为效益认知、行为障碍认知、自我效能、健康信念总分均高于经产妇，差异有统计学意义（P0.05）；初产妇静坐行为能量消耗高于经产妇，低强度体力活动、中等强度体力活动、家务劳动能量消耗低于经产妇，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　初产妇妊娠期运动的健康信念高于经产妇，其体力活动活跃程度却低于经产妇，提示运动锻炼行为受多种因素的制约，信念不等同于行动。单纯用某种理论模型并不能很好地解释和预测运动锻炼行为。

关键词: 孕妇, 妊娠次数, 体力活动, 健康态度

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the cognition of pregnant women between primiparas and multiparas on exercise during pregnancy and their prenatal physical activities status.Methods　Pregnant women who had underwent prenatal examination in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wuyi from April to August in 2015 in Jiangmen city were investigated by convenience sampling method.The questionnaire was designed by the researchers themselves based on “health belief model” to understand beliefs and attitudes of pregnant women towards exercise during pregnancy；Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire（PPAQ）of Chinese version was applied to investigate the energy expenditure of pregnant women in physical activities of different fields，and the energy expenditure of physical activities of different intensities.Results　637 questionnaires were sent out and 612 valid questionnaires were recovered with an effective response rate of 96.1%，including 365（59.6%）primiparas and 247（40.4%）multiparas.There was no significant difference in cognitive scores of maternal-fetal disease susceptibility caused by no exercise between two groups（P>0.05）；the scores of cognition of severity，cognition of behavior benefits，cognition of behavior disorder，self-efficacy and the total score of health belief of primiparas were significantly higher than those of multiparas（P<0.05）.The energy consumption of high intensity physical activity，traffic travel，professional activity,exercise and total energy consumption between two groups were not significantly different（P>0.05）；energy consumption of sedentary behavior of primiparas was significantly higher than that of multiparas，while their energy consumption of low intensity physical activity，moderate intensity physical activity and household activities were significantly lower than those of multiparas（P<0.05）.Conclusion　The health belief of exercise during pregnancy of primiparas is stronger than that of multiparas，while their active degree of physical activity is lower than that of multiparas.This indicates that exercise behaviors are affected by multiple factors，belief is not equivalent to action.The simply adoption of a theoretical model cannot explain and predict exercise behavior well.

Key words: Pregnant women, Gravidity, Physical activity, Attitude to health

李静, 邹芳亮, 黄舒蓉, 翟巾帼, 蔡文智. 初产妇和经产妇对妊娠期运动的认知及其体力活动调查研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2016, 19(32): 3983-3986.

LI Jing, ZOU Fang-liang, HUANG Shu-rong, ZHAI Jin-guo, CAI Wen-zhi. Cognition on Exercise of Pregnant Women between Primiparas and Multiparas during Pregnancy and Their Prenatal Physical Activities[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2016, 19(32): 3983-3986.

参考文献

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