中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2130-2137.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0669

• 论著·慢性病共病专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人社会网络对多重慢病的作用路径分析:体力活动和睡眠质量的中介作用研究

张梦洁1,2, 郑晓1,2,3, 廖雁鸣1,2, 田峰2,3, 钱隽4, 周洁幸5, 张持晨1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1.510515 广东省广州市,南方医科大学卫生管理学院
    2.510515 广东省广州市,广东省高校哲学社会科学(健康管理政策与精准健康服务协同创新研究)重点实验室
    3.510030 广东省佛山市,南方医科大学顺德医院(佛山市顺德区第一人民医院)健康管理科
    4.523650 广东省东莞市清溪镇社区卫生服务中心
    5.512200 广东省韶关市三溪镇卫生院
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-16 修回日期:2024-01-05 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 张持晨

  • 作者贡献:

    张梦洁、张持晨提出主要研究目标,负责研究的构思与设计;张梦洁负责资料查找以及撰写论文,数据整理,统计学处理,图、表的绘制与展示;张梦洁、郑晓、廖雁鸣进行数据收集;张梦洁、郑晓、廖雁鸣、田峰、钱隽、周洁幸进行论文的修订;郑晓、张持晨负责文章的质量控制与审查,全程监督管理。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274091); 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011591); 广东省高校哲学社会科学重点实验室项目(2015WSY0010)

Path Study of Social Networks in the Older Adults on Multimorbidity: the Mediating Effects of Physical Activity and Sleep

ZHANG Mengjie1,2, ZHENG Xiao1,2,3, LIAO Yanming1,2, TIAN Feng2,3, QIAN Juan4, ZHOU Jiexing5, ZHANG Chichen1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1. School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province for Collaborative Innovation of Health Management Policy and Precision Health Service, Guangzhou 510515, China
    3. Department of Health Management, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan 510030, China
    4. Qingxi Community Health Service Center, Dongguan 523650, China
    5. Sanxi Town Hospital, Shaoguan 512200, China
  • Received:2023-10-16 Revised:2024-01-05 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-03-22
  • Contact: ZHANG Chichen

摘要: 背景 近年来,在全球老龄化背景下,我国慢性病患者数量明显增加,且多病共存情况愈发普遍,严重威胁我国老年人的生命安全与生活质量。 目的 了解老年人多重慢病现状,探讨老年人睡眠、体力活动、社会网络与多重慢病的关系及作用路径,为有效预防老年人多重慢病,提高老年人健康水平提供思路。 方法 选取本团队2021年建立的社区老年人群健康行为追踪调查(CHBEPS)中≥60岁的老年人作为调查对象。采用问卷调查法对研究对象进行调查,利用自行设计的基本信息采集表收集一般情况,采用国际体力活动问卷短版(IPAQ-S-C)、Lubben社会网络量表(LSNS-6)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评定调查对象的体力活动、社会网络、睡眠情况。应用AMOS 28.0统计软件设定结构方程模型。 结果 纳入3 531名≥60岁老年人,共回收有效问卷3 392份,有效回收率为96.06%。调查对象体力活动总量平均值为2 426.42(495.00,3 066.00)MET-min/w,社会网络平均得分为(15.91±6.43)分,睡眠平均得分为(5.49±3.53)分。788名(23.23%)老年人社会网络不足,353名(10.41%)老年人睡眠质量一般或很差。调查对象多重慢病发生率为41.13%(1 395/3 392)。相关分析结果显示,社会网络与睡眠质量等级呈负相关(rs=-0.113,P<0.01),与体力活动呈正相关(rs=0.073,P<0.01),与多重慢病呈负相关(rs=-0.049,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,0~600 MET-min/w的体力活动(OR=0.576,95%CI=0.342~0.970)和睡眠质量很好(OR=0.409,95%CI=0.209~0.803)是多重慢病发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结构方程模型结果显示,社会网络影响体力活动和睡眠质量(标准化路径系数=0.096,t=4.982,P<0.001;标准化路径系数=-0.043,t=-5.981,P<0.001),体力活动和睡眠质量影响多重慢病(标准化路径系数=0.023,t=5.280,P<0.001;标准化路径系数=0.111,t=9.409,P<0.001)。社会网络对多重慢病不存在直接影响,而是通过体力活动和睡眠质量对多重慢病产生间接影响。社会网络通过体力活动对多重慢病的间接效应占总效应的10%;社会网络通过睡眠质量对多重慢病的间接效应占总效应的36.5%。 结论 老年群体多重慢病患病率较高(41.13%),应适当扩大老年群体社会网络,促使其保持适量体力活动和良好的睡眠质量,缓解和预防多重慢病的发生。

关键词: 多重慢病, 老年人, 社会网络分析, 体力活动, 睡眠质量, 健康管理

Abstract:

Background

In recent years, in the context of global aging, the number of patients with chronic diseases in China has increased significantly, and the the coexistence of multiple diseases has become more and more common, which seriously threatens the life safety and quality of life of the older adults in China.

Objective

To investigate the status of multimorbidity of older adults, and explore the relationship and pathways of action between sleep, physical activity, social network and multimorbidity of older adults, providing ideas for the effective prevention of multimorbidity and health improvement of older adults.

Methods

Elderly people aged≥60 years in the Community Health and Behavior of the Elderly Panel Study (CHBEPS) established by our team in 2021 were selected as the subjects of the survey, a questionnaire was used to investigate the study population, the research objects were investigated by questionnaire, and the general situation was collected by self-designed basic information collection form, IPAQ-S-C, LSNS-6 and PSQI were used to assess the physical activity, social network and sleep of the subjects. AMOS 28.0 statistical software was used to set up the structural equation model.

Results

A total of 3 392 valid questionnaires were collected from 3 531 people over 60 years old, with an effective recovery rate of 96.06%. The average score of physical activity was 2 426.42 (495.00, 3 060.00) MET-min/w, the average score of social network was (15.91±6.43), and the average score of sleep was (5.49±3.53). There were 788 (23.23%) older adults with insufficient social network and 353 (10.41%) older adults with fair or very poor sleep quality. The prevalence of multimorbidity among the survey respondents was 41.13% (1 395/3 392). The results of correlation analysis showed that social network was negatively correlated with sleep level (rs=-0.113, P<0.01) and multimorbidity (rs=-0.049, P<0.01), and was positively correlated with physical activity (rs=0.073, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity of 0-600 MET-min/w (OR=0.576, 95%CI=0.342-0.970) and good sleep quality (OR=0.409, 95%CI=0.209-0.803) were protective factors for multimorbidity (P<0.05). The results of structural equation modeling showed that social networks could affect physical activity and sleep quality (standardized path coefficient=0.096, t=4.982, P<0.001; standardized path coefficient=-0.043, t=-5.981, P<0.001), physical activity and sleep quality could affect multimorbidity (standardized path coefficient=0.023, t=5.280, P<0.001; standardized path coefficient=0.111, t=9.409, P<0.001). Social network had no direct effect on multimorbidity, but an indirect effect on it through two mediators of physical activity and sleep. The indirect effect of social network on multimorbidity through physical activity accounted for 10% of the total effect, and the indirect effect of social network on multimorbidity through sleep accounted for 36.5% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The prevalence of multimorbidity is high in the older adults (41.13%). The social network of the elderly group should be appropriately expanded to encourage them to maintain a moderate amount of physical activity and a good quality of sleep, alleviate and prevent the occurrence of multimorbidity.

Key words: Multimorbidity, Aged, Social network analysis, Physical exertion, Sleep quality, Health management