中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (06): 670-678.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0349

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

妊娠期血脂异常患病率及妊娠早期血脂水平预测价值研究

袁仙仙1, 李静2, 王佳1, 张可欣1, 杨蕊华1, 郑薇1, 李光辉1,*()   

  1. 1100026 北京市,首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院 北京妇幼保健院围产内分泌代谢科
    2530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西壮族自治区人民医院产科
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-18 修回日期:2023-08-09 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2023-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 李光辉

  • 作者贡献:袁仙仙负责研究设计及实施、论文撰写;李静负责统计学分析;王佳、张可欣、杨蕊华负责数据整理;郑薇负责论文修改;李光辉负责研究设计指导及论文修改。
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金资助项目(青年项目)(7214231); 北京市医院管理中心"登峰"人才培养计划(DFL20191402)

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Pregnancy and Early Predictive Value of Blood Lipid Levels

YUAN Xianxian1, LI Jing2, WANG Jia1, ZHANG Kexin1, YANG Ruihua1, ZHENG Wei1, LI Guanghui1,*()   

  1. 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
    2Department of Obstetrics, the Peoples Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
  • Received:2023-06-18 Revised:2023-08-09 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2023-11-21
  • Contact: LI Guanghui

摘要: 背景 妊娠期血脂异常升高可对母儿健康造成不良影响,不仅增加了子痫前期、妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、高甘油三酯胰腺炎、晚期流产、早产以及巨大儿的发生风险,亦显著增加了母儿产后心血管疾病的风险。目的 分析妊娠早、中、晚期血脂异常的分布特征及其早期血脂水平对妊娠中、晚期血脂异常的预测价值。方法 本研究为单中心回顾性研究,纳入2018年1月—2019年6月在首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产科建档产检至分娩的单胎孕妇,收集临床资料及妊娠早、中、晚期血脂数据[总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]。以首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妊娠期血脂参考范围作为血脂异常诊断标准:包括高总胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症和高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症。采用二分类Logistic回归分析妊娠早期血脂水平与妊娠中、晚期血脂异常的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评价妊娠早期血脂水平对妊娠中、晚期血脂异常的预测价值,根据灵敏度和特异度确定最佳截断值。结果 研究共纳入单胎孕妇8 511名,平均年龄为(31.7±3.9)岁,平均孕前BMI为(21.7±3.2)kg/m2,其中孕前低体质量988名(11.6%)、正常体质量5 568名(65.4%)、超重1 271名(14.9%)、肥胖366名(4.3%),GDM孕妇1 415名(16.7%),妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)孕妇650名(7.6%)。妊娠中、晚期TC、TG、LDL-C水平均高于妊娠早期(P<0.05),妊娠晚期HDL-C水平高于妊娠早期,但低于妊娠中期(P<0.05)。妊娠早期血脂异常患病率为23.4%(1 990/8 511),妊娠中、晚期血脂异常患病率低于妊娠早期(P<0.05)。孕前超重、肥胖孕妇妊娠早期血脂异常患病率高于孕前正常体质量孕妇,但妊娠晚期血脂异常患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GDM组孕妇妊娠早、中期血脂异常患病率均高于非GDM孕妇,HDP孕妇妊娠早、中、晚期血脂异常患病率高于非HDP孕妇(P<0.05)。排除可能影响血脂的妊娠合并症及并发症后,妊娠早期预测妊娠中期血脂异常的最佳截断值分别为TC 4.485 mmol/L(AUC=0.854)、TG 1.325 mmol/L(AUC=0.864)、HDL-C 1.275 mmol/L(AUC=0.908)、LDL-C 2.265 mmol/L(AUC=0.823);妊娠早期预测妊娠晚期血脂异常的最佳截断值分别为TC 4.485 mmol/L(AUC=0.809)、TG 1.145 mmol/L(AUC=0.833)、HDL-C 1.285 mmol/L(AUC=0.851)、LDL-C 2.195 mmol/L(AUC=0.766)。结论 妊娠期血脂异常患病率并未增加,不同孕前BMI、GDM与非GDM、HDP与非HDP孕妇之间妊娠期血脂异常患病率具有显著差异,妊娠早期血脂水平有预测妊娠中晚期血脂异常的价值。

关键词: 妊娠, 孕妇, 血脂异常, 患病率, 妊娠期糖尿病, 妊娠期高血压疾病, 截断值

Abstract:

Background

Elevated dyslipidemia during pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and child health. It not only increases the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) , hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis, late abortion, premature delivery and macrosomia, but also significantly increases the risk of postnatal cardiovascular disease.

Objective

To analyze the distributional characteristics of dyslipidemia in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and the predictive value of early lipid levels for dyslipidemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective study, which included singleton pregnant women who were enrolled in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to June 2019 for obstetrics checkups until delivery. Clinical data and lipid data [total cholesterol (TC) , triacylglycerol (TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ] were collected in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The reference range of lipids in department of obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University was used as the diagnostic standard for dyslipidemia, including high total cholesterolemia, high triacylglycerolemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia and high LDL-cholesterolemia. The correlation between lipid levels in the first trimester of pregnancy and dyslipidemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was analyzed by using binary Logistic regression, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves of the subjects were plotted to obtain the area under ROC curve (AUC) , to evaluate the predictive value of the lipid levels in the first trimester of pregnancy for dyslipidemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, and to determine the optimal cut-off value according to the sensitivity and specificity.

Results

A total of 8 511 singleton pregnant women were included in the study, with an average age of (31.7±3.9) years and an average pre-pregnancy BMI of (21.7±3.2) kg/m2. Among them, 988 (11.6%) were of low pre-pregnancy body mass, 5 568 (65.4%) were of normal pre-pregnancy body mass, 1 271 (14.9%) were overweight, 366 (4.3%) were obese, 1 415 (16.7%) were with GDM, and 650 (7.6%) were with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) . The levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were higher than those in the first trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05) . The level of HDL-C in the third trimester of pregnancy was higher than that in the first trimester of pregnancy, but lower than that in the second trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05) . The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the first trimester of pregnancy was 23.4% (1 990/8 511) , and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was lower than that in the first trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05) . The prevalence of dyslipidemia in overweight and obese pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy was higher than that in pregnant women with normal pre-pregnancy body mass, but there was no statistical difference in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the third trimester of pregnancy (P>0.05) . The prevalence of dyslipidemia in first and second trimesters of pregnancy in the GDM group was higher than that in the non-GDM group, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy in HDP group was higher than the non-HDP group (P<0.05) . After excluding pregnancy comorbidities and complications that may affect blood lipids, the optimal cut-off values for predicting dyslipidemia in the second trimester of pregnancy were TC of 4.485 mmol/L (AUC=0.854) , TG of 1.325 mmo/L (AUC=0.864) , HDL-C of 1.275 mmol/L (AUC=0.908) , and LDL-C of 2.265 mmol/L (AUC=0.823) , respectively; the optimal cut-off values for predicting dyslipidemia in the third trimester of pregnancy were TC of 4.485 mmol/L (AUC=0.809) , TG of 1.145 mmol/L (AUC=0.833) , HDL-C of 1.285 mmol/L (AUC=0.851) , LDL-C of 2.195 mmol/L (AUC=0.766) .

Conclusion

The prevalence of dyslipidemia did not increase during pregnancy. There were significant differences in the prevalence of dyslipidemia during pregnancy among pregnant women with different pre-pregnancy BMI, between GDM and non-GDM pregnant women, between HDP and non-HDP pregnant women, respectively. The blood lipid level in the first trimester was helpful to predict the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Key words: Pregnancy, Pregnant women, Dyslipidemias, Prevalence, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, Cut-off value