中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (15): 1986-1991.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0276

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合辑

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老年2型糖尿病患者参考范围内血清胆红素与颈动脉斑块的关系研究

金春花1, 张雅文2, 李连喜2,*()   

  1. 1.201600 上海市,上海交通大学医学院附属松江医院内分泌科
    2.200233 上海市,上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院内分泌代谢科
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-29 修回日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 李连喜

  • 作者贡献:

    金春花负责数据收集、整理和统计;张雅文负责论文撰写;李连喜负责项目管理,对文章进行监督和审查。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81770813,82070866)

Association between Serum Bilirubin Within the Normal Range and Carotid Plaques in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

JIN Chunhua1, ZHANG Yawen2, LI Lianxi2,*()   

  1. 1. Department of Endocrinology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
    2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
  • Received:2025-08-29 Revised:2026-01-13 Published:2026-05-20 Online:2026-04-14
  • Contact: LI Lianxi

摘要: 背景 老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清胆红素与颈动脉斑块之间的关系尚不明确。 目的 探讨老年T2DM患者参考范围内血清胆红素与颈动脉斑块发病风险之间的关系及可能的机制。 方法 选取2003—2012年在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院内分泌代谢科住院且临床资料完整的老年T2DM患者2 885例(年龄≥65岁)为研究对象。根据血清未结合胆红素(UCB)水平五分位数将患者分为5组:Q1组(UCB<6.0 μmol/L,446例)、Q2组(UCB:6.0~7.5 μmol/L,717例)、Q3组(UCB:7.6~8.9 μmol/L,533例)、Q4组(UCB:9.0~10.1 μmol/L,607例)和Q5组(UCB>10.1 μmol/L,582例)。收集患者详细临床资料、体格检查资料、颈动脉超声及实验室检查结果,并比较5组患者颈动脉斑块的患病率;采用偏相关分析探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)与血清胆红素的相关性;采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨血清胆红素包括总胆红素(TB)、结合胆红素(CB)、UCB与颈动脉斑块间的相关性。 结果 2 885例老年T2DM住院患者中男1 296例(44.9%)、女1 589例(55.1%),平均年龄(72.6±5.3)岁。5组T2DM患者年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、吸烟史、降脂药、胰岛素或类似物、舒张压、脂蛋白a比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。校正年龄、性别及糖尿病病程后,Q1~Q5组老年T2DM患者颈动脉斑块患病率分别为76.9%、71.8%、68.5%、65.9%、62.2%,各组患者的颈动脉斑块患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.900,P<0.001)。校正年龄、性别和糖尿病病程后,偏相关分析结果显示,血清TB(R=-0.090,P<0.001)、UCB(R=-0.100,P<0.001)水平与CRP水平呈负相关。校正多种混杂因素后,二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,老年T2DM患者血清TB(OR=0.833,95%CI=0.721~0.963,P=0.013)、UCB(OR=0.831,95%CI=0.725~0.952,P=0.008)与颈动脉斑块形成呈负相关。 结论 参考范围内血清胆红素水平增高可降低老年T2DM患者颈动脉斑块发病风险,血清TB及UCB水平降低是老年T2DM患者颈动脉斑块发生的独立危险因素,血清胆红素水平可能与炎症状态存在一定联系。

关键词: 糖尿病,2型, 颈动脉斑块, 总胆红素, 未结合胆红素, 炎症

Abstract:

Background

The relationship between serum bilirubin and carotid plaque in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear.

Objective

To investigate the association between serum bilirubin levels within the normal range and the risk of carotid plaque in elderly patients with T2DM, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms.

Methods

A total of 2 885 elderly T2DM patients (aged≥65 years) with complete clinical data hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2003 to December 2012 were recruited in this retrospective study. According to the quintiles of serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels, the patients were divided into five groups: Q1 (UCB<6.0 μmol/L, n=446), Q2 (UCB: 6.0-7.5 μmol/L, n=717), Q3 (UCB: 7.6-8.9 μmol/L, n=533), Q4 (UCB: 9.0-10.1 μmol/L, n=607), and Q5 (UCB>10.1 μmol/L, n=582). The detailed clinical data, physical examination findings, carotid ultrasound measurements, and laboratory test results were collected. The prevalence of carotid plaque was compared among the five groups. Partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the associations between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and bilirubin levels. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of serum bilirubin including total bilirubin (TB), UCB, and conjugated bilirubin (CB) with the presence of carotid plaque.

Results

Among 2 885 elderly hospitalized patients with T2DM, 1 296 were men (44.9%) and 1 589 were women (55.1%), with a mean age of 72.6±5.3 years. Significant differences were observed among the five groups with respect to age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking status, use of lipid-lowering medications, insulin or insulin analog therapy, diastolic blood pressure, and lipoprotein (a) levels (P<0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the prevalence of carotid plaque in elderly T2DM patients across Q1 to Q5 was 76.9%, 71.8%, 68.5%, 65.9%, and 62.2%, respectively, showing a significant decreasing trend (χ2=30.900, P<0.001). Partial correlation analysis further demonstrated that serum TB (R=-0.090, P<0.001) and UCB (R=-0.100, P<0.001) were inversely correlated with CRP levels after adjustment for age, sex, and diabetes duration. After adjusting for multiple confounders, binary logistic regression analyses showed that serum TB (OR=0.833, 95%CI=0.721-0.963, P=0.013) and UCB (OR=0.831, 95%CI=0.725-0.952, P=0.008) were independently associated with a lower risk of carotid plaque in elderly patients with T2DM.

Conclusion

Higher serum bilirubin levels within the normal range are associated with a decreased risk of carotid plaque in elderly patients with T2DM. Lower levels of serum TB and UCB levels are independent risk factors for carotid plaque, which may be related to inflammatory status.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Carotid plaque, Total bilirubin, Unconjugated bilirubin, Inflammation

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