Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, even surpassing the influence of traditional risk factors on AMI. However, there is a lack of systematic summary of the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical impaction, and current evidence-based medicine of inflammatory response in AMI patients. We reviewed the relevant literature and comprehensively explores the mechanism of inflammatory response in AMI patients, related inflammatory derived indicators, clinical significance, and a summary of current research evidence. We exposed that the initial stage of AMI is characterized by a rapid increase in inflammatory response, which is the most destructive stage. In the subsequent stage, multiple immune cells and cytokines work together to participate in myocardial repair and healing. Therefore, AMI patients have a complex inflammatory network mechanism, which may become a new breakthrough for AMI treatment. However, our current understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in cardiac remodeling is incomplete. The biggest challenge is that initially pro-inflammatory and harmful cells can also exhibit strong healing characteristics, leading to research even producing opposite results. Therefore, the current evidence-based medicine for anti-inflammatory treatment of AMI patients is not sufficient. Perhaps in the future, machine learning based on artificial intelligence assisted inflammation phenotype typing, combined with multidimensional inflammation indicators, can identify the specific roles of immune cells in individuals, achieving a breakthrough in inflammation regulation from theory to clinical practice and solving the dilemma of residual cardiovascular risk. This article can provide reference for the in-depth development of anti-inflammatory treatment for AMI patients.