中国全科医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (04): 525-529.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2024.0500

• 论著·全科医学教育研究 • 上一篇    

我国农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目执行制约因素与优化路径研究

李小丹1, 左延莉1,*(), 欧晏辰2, 王振邦3, 张鑫4, 赵越5, 陈丹6   

  1. 1.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学公共卫生学院
    2.510599 广东省广州市,南方医科大学南方医院白云分院
    3.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学信息与管理学院
    4.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学教务处
    5.530021 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西医科大学第一附属医院医疗保险管理办公室
    6.530022 广西壮族自治区南宁市,广西科技情报研究所
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-10-26 出版日期:2026-02-05 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 左延莉

  • 作者贡献:

    李小丹负责整个文章的构思、撰写及修订;左延莉负责文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责;欧晏辰、王振邦负责文献检索与整理;张鑫、赵越、陈丹负责文章可行性分析。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72364004,71864006); 广西哲学社会科学研究课题(23FGL038); 广西自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJA180017); 广西高校人文社科重点研究基地健康与经济社会发展研究中心课题(2025RWB13)

Analysis of Constraints and Optimization Path of the Implementation of Free Training Policy for Rural Order-directed Medical Students in China

LI Xiaodan1, ZUO Yanli1,*(), OU Yanchen2, WANG Zhenbang3, ZHANG Xin4, ZHAO Yue5, CHEN Dan6   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    2. Nanfang Hospital Baiyun Branch, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510599, China
    3. School of Information and Management of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    4. Academic Affairs Office of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    5. Medical Insurance Management Office, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
    6. Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Information, Nanning 530022, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-10-26 Published:2026-02-05 Online:2026-01-15
  • Contact: ZUO Yanli

摘要: 我国高度重视农村订单定向医学生培养项目实施效果,但该政策在实施过程中遇到多重挑战,也表明其仍需持续优化与完善。本文基于史密斯模型分析框架,全面、系统地探索农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目在执行过程中的制约因素,为完善农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目提供理论依据和决策参考。本文表明政策奖励机制不健全,政策内容宽泛,执行机构缺乏交流沟通、积极性不高,基层医疗卫生机构资源缺乏,定向生对政策一知半解、职业认同感不强及环境不稳定阻碍政策有效执行。农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目可解决基层人才短缺问题,应尽快完善农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策,为基层"留住人才"。

关键词: 教育,医学, 订单定向医学生, 政策执行, 制约因素, 优化路径, 史密斯模型

Abstract:

China attaches great importance to ensuring the effective implementation of the rural order-oriented medical student training program. However, the policy has encountered multiple challenges during its execution, indicating that it still requires continuous optimization and refinement. Based on the analytical framework of Smith's model, this paper comprehensively and systematically explores the constraints of the free training program for rural order-directed medical students in the process of implementation, in order to provide theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the improvement of the free training policy for rural order-directed medical students. This paper shows that inadequate policy incentives, broad policy content, lack of communication and motivation on the part of implementing agencies, lack of resources in primary health care institutions, lack of understanding of the policy by oriented students, lack of professional identity and an unstable environment impede the effective implementation of the policy. The policy of rural order-directed medical students can solve the problem of talent shortage at the grass-roots level, so the relevant departments should improve the rural order-directed policy as soon as possible in order to "retain talents".

Key words: Education, medical, Rural order- oriented medical students, Policy implementation, Restraint, Optimized path, Smith model