中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (05): 550-556.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0583

所属专题: 呼吸疾病文章合集 新型冠状病毒肺炎最新文章合集 COVID-19疫情防控研究

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新型冠状病毒感染疫情对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重频率的影响研究

石伟娟1, 王凤燕1,*(), 杨宇琼1, 谢清秀1, 李玉琪1, 李时悦1, 陈荣昌1,2, 张冬莹1, 郑劲平1, 梁振宇1   

  1. 1.510030 广东省广州市,广州医科大学附属第一医院 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心
    2.518020 广东省深圳市,深圳市人民医院 深圳呼吸疾病研究所
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-11 修回日期:2022-09-22 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2022-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 王凤燕

  • 作者贡献:石伟娟进行文章的构思与设计、资料整理、撰写论文;谢清秀、李玉琪进行资料收集;王凤燕、杨宇琼、张冬莹、梁振宇进行论文的修订;李时悦、陈荣昌、郑劲平提供相关资源;王凤燕对论文负责。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0604000)

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Frequency of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

SHI Weijuan1, WANG Fengyan1,*(), YANG Yuqiong1, XIE Qingxiu1, LI Yuqi1, LI Shiyue1, CHEN Rongchang1,2, ZHANG Dongying1, ZHENG Jinping1, LIANG Zhenyu1   

  1. 1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510030, China
    2. Shenzhen People's Hospital/Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen 518020, China
  • Received:2022-06-11 Revised:2022-09-22 Published:2023-02-15 Online:2022-10-08
  • Contact: WANG Fengyan

摘要: 背景 呼吸道病毒感染是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(以下简称慢阻肺)急性加重的重要诱因。新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情发生后,我国采取一系列防疫措施,旨在切断COVID-19传播链。已有多项研究表明,在COVID-19流行期间,慢阻肺患者急性加重住院的频率有所下降,但防疫措施对慢阻肺急性加重频率影响的研究相对缺乏。 目的 探究COVID-19疫情背景对未就诊和已就诊慢阻肺患者急性加重频率的影响。 方法 研究对象来自广州医科大学附属第一医院慢阻肺随访队列,该队列从2016年初开始招募患者,每3个月访视1次,收集人口学信息和临床资料。选取队列中随访时间窗在2017年6—8月(Ⅰ组)、2018年6—8月(Ⅱ组)、2019年6—8月(Ⅲ组)、2020年6—8月(Ⅳ组)患者作为本研究对象。分别收集Ⅰ组患者2016年10月至2017年5月、Ⅱ组患者2017年10月至2018年5月、Ⅲ组患者2018年10月至2019年5月、Ⅳ组患者2019年10月至2020年5月的急性加重频率和性别、年龄、症状评分等基本临床资料。Ⅳ组患者2019年10月至2020年1月为COVID-19疫情前数据,2020年2—5月为COVID-19疫情后数据。分别比较Ⅳ组患者与Ⅰ~Ⅲ组患者同期急性加重频率的差异,分析慢阻肺患者急性加重频率在COVID-19疫情前后的变化。 结果 慢阻肺患者Ⅰ组共162例、Ⅱ组共157例、Ⅲ组共167例、Ⅳ组共159例。Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组患者在2—5月急性加重频率比10月至次年1月高(PⅠ=0.013,PⅡ=0.016);Ⅳ组患者10月至次年1月急性加重频率高于2—5月(P=0.001);Ⅳ组患者10—12月的每月急性加重总频率与Ⅰ~Ⅲ组同期相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅳ组2—4月的每月急性加重总频率低于Ⅰ~Ⅲ组(P<0.001)。Ⅳ组患者每月的急性加重未就诊频率与Ⅰ~Ⅲ组同期比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Ⅳ组患者10—12月每月急性加重已就诊频率与Ⅰ~Ⅲ组同期相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2—4月每月急性加重已就诊频率低于Ⅰ~Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。 结论 COVID-19防控措施对降低慢阻肺急性加重的频率起着积极的作用,提示慢阻肺患者即使疫情过后也应减少聚集活动,保持社交距离,外出戴口罩,勤洗手。

关键词: 肺疾病,慢性阻塞性, 新型冠状病毒感染, 急性加重, 队列研究, 随访

Abstract:

Background

Respiratory virus infection is an important trigger of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) . China has adopted a series of containment measures assisting to curb COVID-19 transmission since the outbreak of the pandemic. Several studies showed a decrease in hospitalizations for AECOPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has been a relative lack of studies investigating the effects of preventive measures on the frequency and severity of exacerbations.

Objective

To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of AECOPD with or without medical attention.

Methods

The subjects were from a prospective COPD cohort study conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, which began recruiting patients in early 2016, with visits every 3 months to collect demographic and clinical data, including those who were followed up during June to August 2017 (group 1) , June to August 2018 (group 2) , June to August 2019 (group 3) , and June to August 2020 (group 4) . Basic clinical data (including the frequency of AECOPD, sex, age, symptom score and so on) were collected from group 1 from October 2016 to May 2017, group 2 from October 2017 to May 2018, group 3 from October 2018 to May 2019, and group 4 from October 2019 to May 2020 (during which the periods from October 2019 to January 2020, and from February to May 2020 were defined as pre-COVID-19 period, and post-COVID-19 period, respectively) . The frequency of AECOPD during October to May next year in group 4 was compared with that of the other three groups. The changes in the frequency of AECOPD between pre- and post-COVID-19 periods were analyzed.

Results

There were 162 patients in group 1, 157 in group 2, 167 in group 3, and 159 in group 4. Group 1 had a higher frequency of AECOPD in February to May than in October to January next year (P=0.013) , so did group 2 (P=0.016) . In contrast, group 4 had a higher frequency of AECOPD in October to January next year than in February to May (P=0.001) . The frequency of AECOPD during October to December in group 4 was similar to that of the other three groups (P>0.05) . But the frequency of AECOPD from February to April in group 4 was lower than that in groups 1-3 (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the monthly frequency of AECOPD without medical attention in group 4 compared with that of groups 1-3 (P>0.05) . The frequency of AECOPD with medical attention from October to December in group 4 was similar to that of groups 1-3 (P>0.05) . but it from February to April in group 4 was lower than that in groups 1-3 (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

Prevention and control measures targeting COVID-19 may be contributive to reducing the frequency of AECOPD. It is suggested that COPD patients should reduce gathering activities, maintain social distance, wear masks when going out, and wash hands frequently even after the COVID-19.

Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, COVID-19, Acute exacerbation, Cohort studies, Follow-up