新型冠状病毒感染脆弱人群的识别及防治展望

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0230

中国全科医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (02): 132-137.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0230

新型冠状病毒感染脆弱人群的识别及防治展望

郑劲平¹^,^*(), 薛武军², 巨春蓉¹, 马军³, 曾小峰⁴

¹510120　广东省广州市，广州医科大学附属第一医院　国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心　国家呼吸医学中心　呼吸疾病全国重点实验室　广州呼吸健康研究院
²710061　陕西省西安市，西安交通大学第一附属医院肾脏病医院肾移植科
³150010　黑龙江省哈尔滨市，哈尔滨血液病肿瘤研究所
⁴100730　北京市，中国医学科学院北京协和医学院　北京协和医院风湿免疫科　国家皮肤与免疫疾病临床医学研究中心　疑难重症及罕见病国家重点实验室　风湿免疫病学教育部重点实验室

收稿日期:2023-04-11 修回日期:2023-05-29 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2023-10-23
通讯作者: 郑劲平
作者贡献：郑劲平负责文章构思与设计、文献检索筛选及论文撰写修改；薛武军、巨春蓉、马军、曾小峰负责结果解读分析及文章修改审校。所有作者确认了文章终稿，对文章整体负责、监督管理。

Identification of COVID-19 Infection in Vulnerable Population and Its Prevention and Treatment Perspectives

ZHENG Jinping¹^,^*(), XUE Wujun², JU Chunrong¹, MA Jun³, ZENG Xiaofeng⁴

¹The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases/State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases/National Center for Respiratory Medicine/Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
²Department of Kidney Transplantation, Kidney Disease Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
³Harbin Institute of Hematology and Tumor, Harbin 150010, China
⁴Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Dermatological and Immunological Diseases/State Key Laboratory of Severe and Rare Diseases/Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China

Received:2023-04-11 Revised:2023-05-29 Published:2024-01-15 Online:2023-10-23
Contact: ZHENG Jinping

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摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新型冠状病毒感染疫情对人类健康和全球经济造成重创。健康相关脆弱人群的免疫功能减退，导致疫苗的防护效果不足，并且，感染新型冠状病毒后重症和死亡风险更高，而目前尚缺乏足够有针对性的新型冠状病毒感染预防和治疗药物。在我国"乙类乙管"的防疫背景下，脆弱人群成为疫情防控的重点人群。因此，针对脆弱人群应该进一步优化个体免疫和防控策略，在疫苗之外，还需要补充其他预防手段，如长效中和抗体。基于此，本文将对脆弱人群的识别、免疫功能特点与预防方法进行综述，为国内健康相关脆弱人群的防治策略提供参考，期待未来可以研发出更适宜脆弱人群的预防药物，降低脆弱人群感染新型冠状病毒的风险。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒感染, 脆弱人群, 长效中和抗体, 预防, 综述

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated human health and global economy. Diminished immune function of health-related vulnerable populations leads to insufficient protective effect of the vaccine with a higher risk of severe illness and death following infection, and there is a lack of adequate targeted drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In the context that COVID-19 treated as a Category B disease in China, vulnerable populations have become the priority populations for epidemic prevention and control. Therefore, the strategies of individual immunization and prevention should be further optimized for vulnerable populations. In addition to vaccines, other prevention strategies should be supplemented, such as long-acting neutralizing antibodies. Based on this, this paper reviews the identification, immune function characteristics and prevention strategies of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations, to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies for health-related vulnerable populations in China, expecting that more suitable preventive drugs for vulnerable populations can be developed in the future to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.

Key words: COVID-19, Vulnerable populations, Long-acting neutralizing antibody, Prevention, Review

郑劲平,薛武军,巨春蓉,等. 新型冠状病毒感染脆弱人群的识别及防治展望[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(02): 132-137. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0230.
ZHENG Jinping,XUE Wujun,JU Chunrong, et al. Identification of COVID-19 Infection in Vulnerable Population and Its Prevention and Treatment Perspectives[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(02): 132-137. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0230.

图/表 1

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评估标准	评估内容	评分（分）
年龄	<65岁	0
	65~80岁	1
	>80岁	2
基础疾病	无基础疾病	0
	基础疾病稳定	1
	基础疾病不稳定或基础疾病严重	2
疫苗接种	全程接种疫苗	0
	未全程接种疫苗	1
	未接种疫苗	2

评估标准	评估内容	评分（分）
年龄	<65岁	0
	65~80岁	1
	>80岁	2
基础疾病	无基础疾病	0
	基础疾病稳定	1
	基础疾病不稳定或基础疾病严重	2
疫苗接种	全程接种疫苗	0
	未全程接种疫苗	1
	未接种疫苗	2

新型冠状病毒感染脆弱人群的识别及防治展望

Identification of COVID-19 Infection in Vulnerable Population and Its Prevention and Treatment Perspectives

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