中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (09): 1054-1061.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.02.022

所属专题: 内分泌代谢性疾病最新文章合集

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降低二甲双胍联合阿卡波糖治疗不佳的2型糖尿病患者不良事件风险:加用二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂优于胰岛素

苏鹏1, 刘宇琨2, 梁小华3, 刘鑫3, 于耀惠1, 黄鹏飞1, 白玉茹3, 何晓燕3, 沈志红3, 马冬1,*   

  1. 1063210 河北省唐山市,华北理工大学公共卫生学院
    2050702 河北省石家庄市,河北地质大学华信学院护理系
    3050051 河北省石家庄市第二医院
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-22 修回日期:2022-01-10 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 马冬
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(81700416)

Reducing the Risk of Adverse Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who are Poorly Treated with Metformin Combined with AcarboseDipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor is Better Than Insulin

SU Peng1LIU Yukun2LIANG Xiaohua3LIU Xin3YU Yaohui1HUANG Pengfei1BAI Yuru3HE Xiaoyan3SHEN Zhihong3MA Dong1*   

  1. SU Peng1LIU Yukun2LIANG Xiaohua3LIU Xin3YU Yaohui1HUANG Pengfei1BAI Yuru3HE Xiaoyan3SHEN Zhihong3MA Dong1*

  • Received:2021-11-22 Revised:2022-01-10 Published:2022-03-20 Online:2022-03-01

摘要: 背景临床上当二甲双胍(Met)联合阿卡波糖(Aca)无法达到理想降糖效果时,通常会选择再添加第3种药物,如胰岛素(Ins)、二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂(DPP-4i)等,但是目前三联治疗对2型糖尿病(T2DM)相关并发症影响的报道较少。目的探讨DPP-4i联合Met和Aca(即Met+Aca+DPP-4i)与Ins联合Met和Aca(即Met+Aca+Ins)治疗T2DM患者的不良事件发生风险,旨在为临床治疗T2DM的药物选择提供帮助。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究。选取2017-11-01至2020-08-01于石家庄市第二医院被确诊为T2DM且使用Met+Aca+DPP-4i或Met+Aca+Ins治疗的患者为研究对象。采用电话随访,自2017-11-20开始随访,随访截至2020-08-04。随访终点为发生预设的结局事件,若未发生结局事件,即到随访结束。预设的3个结局事件为非致命性心血管疾病、全因死亡、严重低血糖事件;发生复合非致命性心血管事件、全因死亡、严重低血糖事件中任意一项即为综合结局事件。采用倾向性评分匹配(1∶1的比例进行资料匹配,卡钳值设为0.02),采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析T2DM患者药物治疗后综合结局事件发生风险。分层分析各协变量对不同药物治疗患者综合结局事件发生风险的影响。结果最终纳入T2DM患者1 570例,其中接受Met+Aca+Ins治疗者1 089例(Met+Aca+Ins组),接受Met+Aca+DPP-4i治疗者481例(Met+Aca+DPP-4i组)。采用倾向性评分匹配后,两组均434例。与Met+Aca+Ins组比较,Met+Aca+DPP-4i组患者综合结局事件(6.53/100人年)、复合非致命性心血管疾病(5.03/100人年)、全因死亡(0.73/100人年)、严重低血糖事件(0.73/100人年)发病密度相对降低。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,Met+Aca+DPP-4i组患者发生综合结局事件风险较Met+Aca+Ins组减少67%〔HR=0.34,95%CI(0.23,0.50),P<0.001〕,发生复合非致命性心血管疾病风险较Met+Aca+Ins组减少52%〔HR=0.48,95%CI(0.30,0.77),P=0.002〕,发生全因死亡风险较Met+Aca+Ins组减少81%〔HR=0.19,95%CI(0.07,0.56),P=0.003〕,发生严重低血糖事件风险较Met+Aca+Ins组减少80%〔HR=0.20,95%CI(0.07,0.59),P=0.003〕。以综合结局事件为结局事件绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验结果显示,Met+Aca+DPP-4i组患者生存率高于Met+Aca+Ins组(χ2=32.849,P<0.001)。协变量交互作用分析结果显示,睡眠充足(>7 h/d)、不吸烟、无心血管疾病家族史的患者中,Met+Aca+DPP-4i治疗比Met+Aca+Ins治疗能明显降低T2DM患者综合结局事件发生风险(P值分别为0.008、0.031、0.042)。结论在接受Met和Aca治疗失败的T2DM患者中,与联合Ins治疗相比,联合DPP-4i治疗的患者综合结局事件、心血管疾病、全因死亡和严重低血糖的发生风险低,并且对睡眠充足、不吸烟以及无心血管疾病家族史的患者效果更佳。

关键词: 糖尿病, 2型, 二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制剂, 二甲双胍, 阿卡波糖, 药物相关性副作用和不良反应, 队列研究, 回顾性研究

Abstract: Background

Clinically, when metformin (Met) combined with acarbose (Aca) cannot achieve the ideal hypoglycemic effect, a third drug will be usually added, such as insulin (Ins) or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) etc., but there are few reports on the effect of triple therapy on complications related to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) .

Objective

To explore the risk of adverse events of DPP-4i combined with Met and Aca, Ins combined with Met and Aca in the treatment of T2DM patients, in order to provide help for the choice of drugs for clinical T2DM treatment.

Methods

In the retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with T2DM and treated with Met+Aca+ DPP-4i or Met+Aca+Ins in Shijiazhuang Second Hospital from November 1, 2017 to August 1, 2020 were selected as the study subject. Telephone follow-up was conducted from November 20, 2017 to August 4, 2020, the follow-up wasn't terminated until a preset outcome occurred, then that was recorded. The three prespecified outcome events were non-fatal cardiovascular disease, death from all causes, and severe hypoglycemic events. The comprehensive outcome events including all-cause death, or composite non-fatal cardiovascular events, or severe hypoglycemic events. Propensity score matching (1∶1 ratio for data matching, caliper value set to 0.02) was used, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the risk of comprehensive outcome events in T2DM patients after drug treatment. Stratified analysis was performed on the effect of each covariate on the risk of comprehensive outcome events in patients treated with different drugs.

Results

Finally, 1 570 patients with T2DM were enrolled, including 1 089 patients who received Met+Aca+Ins treatment (Met+Aca+Ins group) and 481 patients who received Met+Aca+DPP-4i treatment (Met+Aca+DPP-4i group) . There were 434 cases in both groups after propensity score matching. Compared with the Met+Aca+Ins group, the incidences of comprehensive outcome events (6.53/100 person-per year) , non-fatal cardiovascular disease (5.03/100 person-years) , all-cause death (0.73/100 person-per year) , and severe hypoglycemic (0.73/100 person-er year) were lower in the Met+Aca+ DPP-4i group. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the risk of comprehensive outcome events in the Met+Aca+DPP-4i group was 67% lower than the Met+Aca+Ins group 〔HR=0.34, 95%CI (0.23, 0.50) , P<0.001〕, the risk of composite non-fatal cardiovascular disease decreased by 52% compared with the Met+Aca+Ins group 〔HR=0.48, 95%CI (0.30, 0.77) , P=0.002〕, and the risk of all-cause mortality was higher than the Met+Aca group. The Met+Aca+Ins group group decreased by 81% 〔HR=0.19, 95%CI (0.07, 0.56) , P=0.003〕, and the risk of severe hypoglycemia decreased by 80% compared with the Met+Aca+Ins group 〔HR=0.20, 95%CI ( 0.07, 0.59) , P=0.003〕. The survival curve was drawn with the comprehensive outcome events as the outcome event. The results of Log-rank test showed that the survival rate of Met+Aca+DPP-4i group was higher than the Met+Aca+Ins group (χ2=32.849, P<0.001) . The results of covariate interaction analysis showed that in patients with adequate sleep (>7 h/d) , non-smoking, and no family history of cardiovascular disease, Met+Aca+DPP-4i treatment reduced the incidence of comprehensive outcome events in T2DM patients compared with Met+Aca+Ins treatment (P values were 0.008, 0.031, and 0.042, respectively) .

Conclusion

After failure treatment of Met and Aca in T2DM patients, the supplementation of DPP-4i was associated with a lower risk of comprehensive outcome events, cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia compared with the Ins addition, particularly in patients with adequate sleep, no smoking, and without family history of cardiovascular disease.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Dipeptidyl-peptidaseⅣ inhibitors, Metformin, Acarbose, Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, Cohort studies, Retrospective studies

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