中国全科医学 ›› 2022, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (07): 771-781.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.00.001

所属专题: 呼吸疾病文章合集 安全用药最新文章合集

• 研究报告 •    下一篇

基层医疗卫生机构慢性阻塞性肺疾病基本药物与诊断设备可获得性调查研究

彭博, 张小娟, 姜骁桐, 郑见立, 李亚子*   

  1. 100020 北京市,中国医学科学院医学信息研究所
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-01 修回日期:2021-12-20 出版日期:2022-03-05 发布日期:2022-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 李亚子

The Availability of Essential Medicines and Diagnostic Devices for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care

PENG BoZHANG XiaojuanJIANG XiaotongZHENG JianliLI Yazi*   

  1. Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100020China

    *Corresponding authorLI YaziProfessorE-mailli.yazi@imicams.ac.cn

  • Received:2021-08-01 Revised:2021-12-20 Published:2022-03-05 Online:2022-03-02

摘要: 背景近年来,我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患病率明显升高,作为COPD防控的主战场,基层医疗卫生机构的诊疗能力相对薄弱。目前对基层COPD诊疗药物和诊断设备的大范围调查研究相对较少,为进一步了解基层COPD防控"短板",弥补相关研究空白,特开展本研究。目的了解基层医疗卫生机构COPD基本药物的配备与可获得性、肺功能仪可获得性与肺功能检查开展情况。方法于2021年2—3月,采用多阶段整群抽样法,在我国31个省份选取8 176家基层医疗卫生机构开展调查。根据《国家基本药物目录(2018年版)》确定COPD基本药物共16种,采用可获得率、配备率分别评价某种药品在机构的可获得情况和某家机构配备药品的品种数量情况。采用可获得率评价肺功能仪在机构的可获得情况,采用开展率评价肺功能检查在机构的应用情况。结果共7 458家机构应答,应答率为91.22%。其中,乡镇卫生院5 901家(79.12%)、社区卫生服务中心1 557家(20.88%)。对于16种COPD基本药物,6 538家(87.66%)机构配备品种数<8种,4 922家(66.00%)机构配备了≥1种吸入平喘药,814家(10.91%)机构配备了长效吸入平喘药。16种COPD基本药物在基层医疗卫生机构的平均可获得率为33.30%,可获得率排在前3位的药品为氨溴索(85.28%,6 360/7 458)、氨茶碱(81.17%,6 054/7 458)、复方甘草(74.48%,5 555/7 458),丙酸氟替卡松(4.89%,365/7 458)、噻托溴铵(6.25%,466/7 458)、布地奈德福特罗(8.61%,642/7 458)等吸入平喘药的可获得率较低。6种吸入平喘药在社区卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院的平均可获得率分别为28.31%、4.81%,2种长效吸入平喘药在社区卫生服务中心、乡镇卫生院的平均可获得率分别为16.18%、5.12%。基层医疗卫生机构的肺功能仪可获得率为8.94%(667/7 458),社区卫生服务中心高于乡镇卫生院〔(18.56%(289/1 557)比6.41%(378/5 901),P<0.05〕。基层医疗卫生机构的肺功能检查开展率为10.82%(807/7 458),社区卫生服务中心高于乡镇卫生院〔13.81%(215/1 557)比10.03%(592/5 901),P<0.05〕。结论基层医疗卫生机构COPD基本药物配备不足且不平衡,配备的药物以口服制剂为主,吸入药物(尤其是长效吸入药物)可获得性差;肺功能仪可获得率与肺功能检查开展率较低,不利于COPD患者在基层的早期筛查和疾病管理。建议加强吸入平喘药和便携式简易肺功能仪在基层医疗卫生机构的配备,提高肺功能检查应用普及力度;以国家基本公共卫生服务项目为切入点,提高基层医生COPD"防诊治管康"能力和积极性。

关键词: 肺疾病, 慢性阻塞性, 卫生保健提供, 基层医疗卫生机构, 药物, 必备, 诊断检查服务, 诊断设备

Abstract: Background

China has seen a significantly increased prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recently. But primary care institutions, the main "battlefield" for containing COPD, have shown relatively weak capabilities for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. As there are relatively few large-scale investigations and studies on medicines and diagnostic devices for COPD in primary care, we conducted this study to further understand the weaknesses of current COPD containment in primary care, by which the gap in related research may be made up.

Objective

To understand the allocation and availability rate of essential medicines for COPD, and availability rate of spirometer as well as the implementation of pulmonary function tests in primary care.

Methods

From February to March 2021, a multi-stage cluster sampling was adopted to select 8 176 community (township) health centers from 31 provinces of China to attend a survey. The rates of availability and allocation of each of the 16 essential medicines for COPD in the 2018 National Essential Medicines List were calculated to estimate the categories and number of these medicines in primary care institutions. The rate of availability of spirometer in these institutions was estimated. And the rate of implementation of pulmonary function tests in these institutions was estimated.

Results

Altogether, 7 458 (91.22%) institutions who gave effective responses to the survey were included for analysis, including 5 901 (79.12%) township health centers, and 1 557 (20.88%) community health centers. Among the 16 essential medicines for COPD, less than 8 were available in 6 538 (87.66%) institutions, at least 1 inhaled antiasthmatic medicines were available in 4 992 (66.00%) institutions, and long-acting inhaled antiasthmatic medicines were available in 814 (10.91%) institutions. The average availability rate of 16 essential medicines for COPD was 33.30%. The highest ranked three medicines in terms of availability rate were ambroxol〔85.28% (6 360/7 458) 〕, aminophylline〔81.17% (6 054/7 458) 〕 and compound licorice〔74.48% (5 555/7 458) 〕. And the relatively low-ranked three were fluticasone propionate 〔4.89% (365/7 458) 〕, tiotropium bromide〔6.25% (466/7 458) 〕, budesonide forterol〔8.61% (642/7 458) 〕. The average availability rate of 6 inhaled antiasthmatic medicines in community health centers was 28.31%, and that in township health centers was 4.81%. The average availability rate of 2 long-acting inhaled antiasthmatic medicines in community health centers was 16.18%, and that in township health centers was 5.12%. The average availability rate of spirometers in primary care institutions was 8.94% (667/7 458) . The average availability rate of spirometers in community health centers was higher than that of township health centers〔18.56% (289/1 557) vs 6.41% (378/5 901) , P<0.05〕. Pulmonary function tests were implemented in 10.82% (807/7 458) of the institutions. The rate of community health centers was higher than that of township health centers in terms of offering pulmonary function testing services〔13.81% (215/1 557) vs 10.03% (592/5 901) , P<0.05〕.

Conclusion

The available essential medicines for COPD in these primary care institutions were insufficient with unbalanced distribution. Most of available medicines were oral preparations, and inhaled antiasthmatic medicines, especially long-acting inhaled antiasthmatic medicines, were poorly available. Moreover, the availability rate of spirometers and the implementation rate of pulmonary function tests were both relatively low. All these factors negatively influence early screening for and management of COPD in primary care. In view of this, it is recommended that increasing the availability levels of inhaled antiasthmatic medicines and portable spirometers, and the application of pulmonary function tests in primary care, as well as primary care physicians asompetencies and initiatives for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of COPD with the delivery of the national essential publish health services for COPD as the starting point of enhancement trainings.

Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, Delivery of health care, Primary health care institution, Drugs, essential, Diagnostic services, Diagnostic equipment

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