中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 3847-3855.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0089

• 热点研究 •    下一篇

基层公立医疗机构改革中的"以患者为中心":医患沟通提高医疗服务质量了吗?

李东旭, 苏敏*(), 刘斌, 张天娇, 张苇乐   

  1. 010021 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市,内蒙古大学公共管理学院
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-21 修回日期:2023-06-24 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 苏敏

  • 作者贡献:李东旭进行文章的构思与设计,负责资料的收集、数据分析及文章撰写;苏敏负责文章的构思与设计、文章修订和文章质量控制,对文章负责;刘斌、张天娇、张苇乐负责资料的收集和整理、文章的修订;所有作者确认了论文的最终稿。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72164031,72204128); 内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2020BS07002)

"Patients-centered" in the Reform of Public Primary Health Care Institutions: Does Doctor-patient Communication Improve the Quality of Primary Care Services?

LI Dongxu, SU Min*(), LIU Bin, ZHANG Tianjiao, ZHANG Weile   

  1. School of Public Administration, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
  • Received:2023-02-21 Revised:2023-06-24 Published:2023-11-05 Online:2023-07-14
  • Contact: SU Min

摘要: 背景 "以患者为中心"对基层公立医疗机构的医患沟通方式和医患关系重构提出了更高要求。 目的 分析"以患者为中心"的医患沟通对医疗服务质量的影响,为促进基层公立医疗机构改革提供相关科学依据。 方法 选择内蒙古自治区某市主城区内所有提供基本医疗服务的公立社区卫生服务中心为研究现场,于2021年采用标准化病人法开展了现场调查。本次调查包括由来自26家医疗机构的59名医生和12名标准化病人产生的118条医患沟通数据。本研究选择感冒、哮喘和不稳定型心绞痛作为标准化病人所要扮演的疾病类型。结合多元回归模型和Probit模型,评估"以患者为中心"的医患沟通对医疗服务质量的影响。 结果 由118条医患沟通数据得出的结果显示,中位推荐问诊条目依从性为17.6%(14.6%),中位推荐检查条目依从性为25.0%(40.0%);其中75条(63.6%)诊断正确,59条(50.0%)治疗正确;中位总费用为84.84(130.44)元,中位药物费用为37.62(47.38)元;其中66条(55.9%)有不必要药物,71条(60.2%)有不必要检查;中位就诊时间为13.625(10.850)min;"以患者为中心"的医患沟通平均得分为(26.712±10.658)分,第一维度得分为(12.915±5.355)分,第二维度得分为(7.492±2.867)分,第三维度得分为(6.305±3.465)分。多元线性回归模型和Probit模型结果显示,"以患者为中心"的医患沟通总得分每增加1分,推荐问诊条目依从性提高0.001个百分点,推荐检查依从性增加0.001个百分点,诊断正确率平均上升4.6个百分点,治疗正确率上升4.2个百分点,总费用提高1.993元,药物费用提高0.517元,不必要药物比例下降3.4个百分点,不必要检查比例增加0.2个百分点,就诊时间减少0.291 min。 结论 "以患者为中心"的医患沟通增加了医疗服务的有效性和安全性,但也提高了医疗费用。需要从资源禀赋、薪资激励、医患关系、协同服务四方面促进"以患者为中心"的医患沟通,进而提高医疗服务质量。

关键词: 卫生保健质量,获取和评价, 质量改进, 以患者为中心, 医患沟通, 基层医疗卫生机构, 标准化病人

Abstract:

Background

The concept of "patients-centered" has presented higher requirements doctor-patient communication and reconstructing doctor-patient relationship in public primary health care institutions.

Objective

To analyze the impact of "patients-centered" doctor-patient communication on the quality of primary care services, and provide scientific evidence to promote reforms in public primary health care institutions.

Methods

All public community health centers providing primary care services in the main urban area of a city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the study sites to conduct a field survey in 2021 using the standardized patient method, which included 118 items of doctor-patient communication data involving 26 medical institutions, 59 doctors, and 12 standardized patients. Common cold, asthma, and unstable angina were selected as the types of diseases to be portrayed by the standardized patients in this study. A combination of multiple regression model and Probit model was used to evaluate the impact of "patients-centered" doctor-patient communication on the quality of primary care services.

Results

Results obtained from the 118 items of doctor-patient communication data revealed that the median adherence rate for recommended consultation items was 17.6% (14.6%), and the median adherence rate for recommended examination items was 25.0% (40.0%), among them, 75 cases (63.6%) were correctly diagnosed, and 59 cases (50.0%) were correctly treated. The median total cost was 84.84 yuan (130.44 yuan), and the median drug cost was 37.62 yuan (47.38 yuan), among them, 66 (55.9%) involved unnecessary drugs, and 71 (60.2%) included unnecessary examinations. The median visit duration was 13.625 (10.850) min. The average score for "patients-centered" doctor-patient communication was (26.712±10.658), with the first dimension scoring (12.915±5.355) points, the second dimension scoring (7.492±2.867) points, and the third dimension scoring (6.305±3.465) points. The results of multiple linear regression model and Probit model indicated that for every one-point increase in the total score of patient-centered doctor-patient communication, the adherence rates for both recommended consultation items and recommended examinations items increased by 0.001 percentage points, the correct diagnosis rate increased by an average of 4.6 percentage points, the correct treatment rate increased by 4.2 percentage points, the total cost increased by 1.993 yuan, the drug cost increased by 0.517 yuan, the proportion of unnecessary drugs decreased by 3.4 percentage points, the proportion of unnecessary examinations increased by 0.2 percentage points, and the visit duration decreased by 0.291 minutes.

Conclusion

"Patients-centered" doctor-patient communication enhances the effectiveness and safety of medical services, while it also increases medical costs. It is necessary to promote "patients-centered" doctor-patient communication from the aspects of resource endowment, salary incentives, doctor-patient relationships, and collaborative services, thereby improving the quality of primary care services.

Key words: Health care quality, access, and evaluation, Quality improvement, Patients-centered, Doctor-patient communication, Primary health care institutions, Standardized patient approach