关键词: 精神卫生, 养老院, 老年人, 自我决定理论, 锻炼心理需求满足, 信度, 效度, 身体锻炼

Abstract: Background　As an important variable in the framework of self-determination theory，the measurement of basic psychological needs in excise helps to understand the satisfaction of three needs for autonomy，competence and relatedness，influences and the formation of self-determination motivation，it can also provide a basis for exercise intervention.However，there is no scale to measure the psychological needs in exercise of the elderly in China.Objective　To chinesize the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale（PNSE），and evaluate its reliability and validity and applicability in Chinese older adults receiving nursing home care，to provide an effective psychological need assessment instrument for nursing home residents.Methods　We chinesized the PNSE to form a Chinese version of PNSE，and tested its reliability and validity in a convenience sample of 800 older adults from 102 nursing homes in Shenyang from February 4 to March 6，2017.Then we conducted two rounds of surveys among the participants，one for evaluating the contents and item analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the scale using a self-developed Demographic Data Questionnaire and the scale，and another for confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis of the scale，with response rates achieved as high as 88.50%（389 out of the 400 completed，and 354 responded effectively），and 88.75%（376 out of the 400 completed，and 355 responded effectively），respectively.Item analysis method was used to testify item relevancy during which the independent-sample t test was used to compare the average scores of high and low score groups（those ranked among the top 27% and bottom 27% in terms of the total scale score） with critical ratio（CR value，that is，t value）> 3.000 as the criterion of item selection.Inter-rater reliability（IR），item-content validity index（I-CVI），scale-content validity index（S-CVI），universal agreement S-CVI（S-CVI/UA），average S-CVI（ S-CVI /Ave）and Kappa value were used to evaluate the content validity of the scale.Bartlett's test of sphericity of χ2 value and KMO value were used to determine whether this scale was suitable for exploratory factor analysis.The maximum likelihood estimation was used for the model adaptation analysis in which the comparative fit index（CFI），standardized root mean square residual（SRMR），and root mean square error of approximation（RMSEA） were estimated.The internal consistency and stability of the scale were estimated by using the Cronbach's α coefficient and retest reliability.Results　The CR value of all items was >3.000.The differences in the average score for each item between the high and low score groups were significant（P<0.05）.The values of parameters for content validity of the scale were：IR=1.00，I-CVI >0.78，Kappa value>0.74，S-CVI/UA=0.89，S-CVI/Ave=0.98，and KMO value=0.93.Principal component analysis revealed that，the factor loading of items ranged from 0.659-0.860，with the communality of 0.479-0.790，with 3 factors of eigenvalue >1，which could explain 73.021% of the total variance.In the confirmatory factor analysis，the factor loading of the 18 items was from 0.60 to 0.88.Bartlett's test of sphericity of χ2 value of the scale was 229.62，the CFI being 0.977，SRMR being 0.03，and the RMESA being 0.05.The Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was 0.914，and for the subscales of autonomy，competence，and relatedness was 0.916，0.916 and 0.899，respectively.The retest reliability of the scale was 0.883，and that of competence，autonomy and relatedness subscales was 0.876，0.829 and 0.860，respectively.Conclusion　The factor structure and composition of the Chinese version of PNSE conforms to the model of psychological need satisfaction in exercise.Each item of this model is suitable for measuring the potential structure，so it can be used to measure the psychological need in exercise among the nursing home residents in China.

Key words: Mental health, Nursing home, Aged, Self-determination theory, Basic psychological needs in exercise, Reliability, Validity, Exercise movement techniques