Chinese General Practice ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 3902-3907.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0774
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Received:
2022-10-24
Revised:
2023-03-14
Published:
2023-11-05
Online:
2023-03-24
Contact:
HU Haiqing
通讯作者:
胡海清
作者简介:
基金资助:
项目 | 处方数(张) | PIM次数〔次(%)〕 | χ2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 14.058 | <0.001 | ||
男 | 19 489 | 6 009(30.83) | ||
女 | 19 786 | 6 449(32.59) | ||
年龄(岁) | 576.018 | <0.001 | ||
65~69 | 12 177 | 3 181(26.12) | ||
70~79 | 18 185 | 5 585(30.71) | ||
80~89 | 7 950 | 3 266(41.08) | ||
≥90 | 963 | 426(44.24) | ||
疾病诊断种数(种) | 799.831 | <0.001 | ||
1~2 | 34 936 | 10 291(29.46) | ||
3~4 | 4 066 | 1 977(48.62) | ||
5~6 | 256 | 178(69.53) | ||
7~9 | 17 | 12(70.59) | ||
用药种数(种) | 703.990 | <0.001 | ||
1~4 | 33 654 | 9 844(29.25) | ||
5~9 | 5 461 | 2 502(45.82) | ||
10~16 | 160 | 112(70.00) |
Table 1 Prescription data and incidence of potentially inappropriate medication in older outpatients
项目 | 处方数(张) | PIM次数〔次(%)〕 | χ2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 14.058 | <0.001 | ||
男 | 19 489 | 6 009(30.83) | ||
女 | 19 786 | 6 449(32.59) | ||
年龄(岁) | 576.018 | <0.001 | ||
65~69 | 12 177 | 3 181(26.12) | ||
70~79 | 18 185 | 5 585(30.71) | ||
80~89 | 7 950 | 3 266(41.08) | ||
≥90 | 963 | 426(44.24) | ||
疾病诊断种数(种) | 799.831 | <0.001 | ||
1~2 | 34 936 | 10 291(29.46) | ||
3~4 | 4 066 | 1 977(48.62) | ||
5~6 | 256 | 178(69.53) | ||
7~9 | 17 | 12(70.59) | ||
用药种数(种) | 703.990 | <0.001 | ||
1~4 | 33 654 | 9 844(29.25) | ||
5~9 | 5 461 | 2 502(45.82) | ||
10~16 | 160 | 112(70.00) |
PIM原因及用药 | PIM发生情况 | PIM原因及用药 | PIM发生情况 |
---|---|---|---|
与药物相关的PIM | 老年患者慎用药物的PIM | ||
抗感染药物 | 非甾体抗炎药 | ||
呋喃妥因 | 15(0.13) | 阿司匹林(>70岁患者心血管疾病一级预防) | 1 753(83.12) |
心血管类药物 | 抗凝血药 | ||
特拉唑嗪、哌唑嗪 | 186(1.67) | 达比加群、利伐沙班 | 97(4.60) |
地高辛(作为心房颤动或心力衰竭的一线用药) | 35(0.31) | 抗精神病药 | |
胺碘酮 | 86(0.77) | 氯丙嗪、利培酮 | 3(0.14) |
氯苯那敏、异丙嗪 | 9(0.08) | 抗抑郁药 | |
阿托品 | 4(0.04) | 米氮平、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰 | 180(8.53) |
中枢神经系统药物 | 抗癫痫药 | ||
帕罗西汀 | 6(0.05) | 奥卡西平、卡马西平 | 76(3.60) |
苯巴比妥 | 3(0.03) | 老年患者应避免的药物间相互作用(≥2种联合药物) | |
苯二氮 | 8 261(74.20) | RAS抑制剂(ACEIsa、ARBsb、阿利吉仑)或保钾利尿剂(阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶)联合其他RAS抑制剂(ACEIsa、ARBsb、阿利吉仑) | 49(49.49) |
右佐匹克隆(非苯二氮 | 180(1.62) | ||
内分泌系统药物 | 阿片类镇痛药c联合苯二氮 | 14(14.14) | |
速效或短效胰岛素:门冬胰岛素30注射液、精蛋白锌重组赖脯胰岛素混合注射液 | 207(1.86) | 抗抑郁药:帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰。抗精神病药:氯丙嗪、利培酮。镇静催眠药物:苯二氮 | 6(6.06) |
磺酰脲类(长效):格列苯脲 | 222(1.99) | ||
消化系统药物 | 糖皮质激素d(口服或肠外给药)& NSAIDs | 18(18.18) | |
甲氧氯普胺 | 5(0.04) | 哌唑嗪或特拉唑嗪联合利尿剂e | 11(11.11) |
质子泵抑制剂:奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑、泮托拉唑 | 1 447(13.00) | 华法林&胺碘酮 | 1(1.01) |
止痛药 | 肾功能不全老年患者须避免使用或减少用药剂量的药物 | ||
口服非选择性NSAIDs:布洛芬、美洛昔康 | 468(4.20) | 须避免使用的药物 | |
与疾病相关的PIM | 螺内酯 | 1(10.00) | |
痴呆或认知障碍 | 曲马朵 | 1(10.00) | |
阿普唑仑、艾司唑仑、右佐匹克隆 | 8(34.78) | 须减少用药剂量的药物 | |
有骨折和跌倒病史 | 加巴喷丁 | 1(10.00) | |
阿普唑仑 | 11(47.83) | 普瑞巴林 | 4(40.00) |
慢性肾脏病4期及以下(CrCl<30 ml·min-1) | 利伐沙班 | 3(30.00) | |
布洛芬、美洛昔康、塞来昔布 | 4(17.39) |
Table 2 Types of potentially inappropriate medications in elderly outpatients
PIM原因及用药 | PIM发生情况 | PIM原因及用药 | PIM发生情况 |
---|---|---|---|
与药物相关的PIM | 老年患者慎用药物的PIM | ||
抗感染药物 | 非甾体抗炎药 | ||
呋喃妥因 | 15(0.13) | 阿司匹林(>70岁患者心血管疾病一级预防) | 1 753(83.12) |
心血管类药物 | 抗凝血药 | ||
特拉唑嗪、哌唑嗪 | 186(1.67) | 达比加群、利伐沙班 | 97(4.60) |
地高辛(作为心房颤动或心力衰竭的一线用药) | 35(0.31) | 抗精神病药 | |
胺碘酮 | 86(0.77) | 氯丙嗪、利培酮 | 3(0.14) |
氯苯那敏、异丙嗪 | 9(0.08) | 抗抑郁药 | |
阿托品 | 4(0.04) | 米氮平、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰 | 180(8.53) |
中枢神经系统药物 | 抗癫痫药 | ||
帕罗西汀 | 6(0.05) | 奥卡西平、卡马西平 | 76(3.60) |
苯巴比妥 | 3(0.03) | 老年患者应避免的药物间相互作用(≥2种联合药物) | |
苯二氮 | 8 261(74.20) | RAS抑制剂(ACEIsa、ARBsb、阿利吉仑)或保钾利尿剂(阿米洛利、氨苯蝶啶)联合其他RAS抑制剂(ACEIsa、ARBsb、阿利吉仑) | 49(49.49) |
右佐匹克隆(非苯二氮 | 180(1.62) | ||
内分泌系统药物 | 阿片类镇痛药c联合苯二氮 | 14(14.14) | |
速效或短效胰岛素:门冬胰岛素30注射液、精蛋白锌重组赖脯胰岛素混合注射液 | 207(1.86) | 抗抑郁药:帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰。抗精神病药:氯丙嗪、利培酮。镇静催眠药物:苯二氮 | 6(6.06) |
磺酰脲类(长效):格列苯脲 | 222(1.99) | ||
消化系统药物 | 糖皮质激素d(口服或肠外给药)& NSAIDs | 18(18.18) | |
甲氧氯普胺 | 5(0.04) | 哌唑嗪或特拉唑嗪联合利尿剂e | 11(11.11) |
质子泵抑制剂:奥美拉唑、兰索拉唑、泮托拉唑 | 1 447(13.00) | 华法林&胺碘酮 | 1(1.01) |
止痛药 | 肾功能不全老年患者须避免使用或减少用药剂量的药物 | ||
口服非选择性NSAIDs:布洛芬、美洛昔康 | 468(4.20) | 须避免使用的药物 | |
与疾病相关的PIM | 螺内酯 | 1(10.00) | |
痴呆或认知障碍 | 曲马朵 | 1(10.00) | |
阿普唑仑、艾司唑仑、右佐匹克隆 | 8(34.78) | 须减少用药剂量的药物 | |
有骨折和跌倒病史 | 加巴喷丁 | 1(10.00) | |
阿普唑仑 | 11(47.83) | 普瑞巴林 | 4(40.00) |
慢性肾脏病4期及以下(CrCl<30 ml·min-1) | 利伐沙班 | 3(30.00) | |
布洛芬、美洛昔康、塞来昔布 | 4(17.39) |
科室 | 处方数(张) | PIM发生情况〔次(%)〕 | 主要PIM药物〔次(%)〕 |
---|---|---|---|
神经内科 | 3 119 | 1 908(61.17) | 阿普唑仑〔1 331(69.76)〕、艾司唑仑〔355(18.61)〕、右佐匹克隆〔88(4.61)〕 |
老年病科 | 1 964 | 972(49.49) | 阿普唑仑〔446(45.88)〕、质子泵抑制剂〔136(13.99)〕、艾司唑仑〔102(10.49)〕 |
全科医学科 | 3 542 | 1 495(42.21) | 阿普唑仑〔840(56.19)〕、质子泵抑制剂〔195(13.04)〕、艾司唑仑〔156(10.43)〕 |
中医科 | 1 530 | 635(41.50) | 阿普唑仑〔370(58.27)〕、艾司唑仑〔65(10.24)〕、口服非甾体抗炎药〔17(2.68)〕 |
心血管内科 | 2 028 | 832(41.03) | 阿普唑仑〔432(51.92)〕、艾司唑仑〔51(6.13)〕、胺碘酮〔29(3.49)〕 |
内分泌科 | 2 747 | 781(28.43) | 阿普唑仑〔394(50.45)〕、短效或速效胰岛素〔75(9.60)〕、格列苯脲〔65(8.32)〕 |
Table 3 Departments with higher incidence of prescribing potentially inappropriate medication and main prescribed potentially inappropriate medications in elderly outpatients
科室 | 处方数(张) | PIM发生情况〔次(%)〕 | 主要PIM药物〔次(%)〕 |
---|---|---|---|
神经内科 | 3 119 | 1 908(61.17) | 阿普唑仑〔1 331(69.76)〕、艾司唑仑〔355(18.61)〕、右佐匹克隆〔88(4.61)〕 |
老年病科 | 1 964 | 972(49.49) | 阿普唑仑〔446(45.88)〕、质子泵抑制剂〔136(13.99)〕、艾司唑仑〔102(10.49)〕 |
全科医学科 | 3 542 | 1 495(42.21) | 阿普唑仑〔840(56.19)〕、质子泵抑制剂〔195(13.04)〕、艾司唑仑〔156(10.43)〕 |
中医科 | 1 530 | 635(41.50) | 阿普唑仑〔370(58.27)〕、艾司唑仑〔65(10.24)〕、口服非甾体抗炎药〔17(2.68)〕 |
心血管内科 | 2 028 | 832(41.03) | 阿普唑仑〔432(51.92)〕、艾司唑仑〔51(6.13)〕、胺碘酮〔29(3.49)〕 |
内分泌科 | 2 747 | 781(28.43) | 阿普唑仑〔394(50.45)〕、短效或速效胰岛素〔75(9.60)〕、格列苯脲〔65(8.32)〕 |
自变量 | b | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别(以男为参照) | |||||
女 | -0.131 | 0.022 | 34.515 | 0.243 | 0.878(0.840,0.917) |
年龄(岁,以65~69为参照) | |||||
70~79 | 0.204 | 0.026 | 59.218 | <0.001 | 1.226(1.164,1.291) |
80~89 | 0.653 | 0.031 | 437.128 | <0.001 | 1.921(1.807,2.042) |
≥90 | 0.626 | 0.071 | 78.589 | <0.001 | 1.869(1.628,2.147) |
疾病诊断种数(种,以1~2为参照) | |||||
3~4 | 0.607 | 0.035 | 293.270 | <0.001 | 1.835(1.712,1.967) |
5~6 | 1.175 | 0.141 | 69.522 | <0.001 | 3.239(2.457,4.270) |
7~9 | 0.850 | 0.555 | 2.342 | 0.126 | 2.340(0.788,6.949) |
用药种数(种,以1~4为参照) | |||||
5~9 | 0.543 | 0.032 | 295.608 | <0.001 | 1.722(1.618,1.832) |
10~16 | 1.421 | 0.179 | 63.023 | <0.001 | 4.143(2.917,5.884) |
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with potentially inappropriate medication
自变量 | b | SE | Wald χ2值 | P值 | OR(95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别(以男为参照) | |||||
女 | -0.131 | 0.022 | 34.515 | 0.243 | 0.878(0.840,0.917) |
年龄(岁,以65~69为参照) | |||||
70~79 | 0.204 | 0.026 | 59.218 | <0.001 | 1.226(1.164,1.291) |
80~89 | 0.653 | 0.031 | 437.128 | <0.001 | 1.921(1.807,2.042) |
≥90 | 0.626 | 0.071 | 78.589 | <0.001 | 1.869(1.628,2.147) |
疾病诊断种数(种,以1~2为参照) | |||||
3~4 | 0.607 | 0.035 | 293.270 | <0.001 | 1.835(1.712,1.967) |
5~6 | 1.175 | 0.141 | 69.522 | <0.001 | 3.239(2.457,4.270) |
7~9 | 0.850 | 0.555 | 2.342 | 0.126 | 2.340(0.788,6.949) |
用药种数(种,以1~4为参照) | |||||
5~9 | 0.543 | 0.032 | 295.608 | <0.001 | 1.722(1.618,1.832) |
10~16 | 1.421 | 0.179 | 63.023 | <0.001 | 4.143(2.917,5.884) |
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