Chinese General Practice ›› 2025, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (30): 3773-3778.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0111

Special Issue: 社区卫生服务最新研究合辑

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research on Influencing Factors and Risk Prediction of Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Middle-aged and Elderly People

  

  1. 1. Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
    2. Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
    3. Songjiang District Sijing Community Health Center, Shanghai 201601, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-05-07 Published:2025-10-20 Online:2025-08-18
  • Contact: LI Xia

社区中老年人认知功能影响因素及风险预测研究

  

  1. 1.200030 上海市,上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心感染管理科
    2.200030 上海市,上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心老年科
    3.201601 上海市松江区泗泾镇社区卫生服务中心
  • 通讯作者: 李霞
  • 作者简介:

    作者贡献:

    李玲负责文章的研究设计、数据统计分析和文章撰写;李雅萍、钱时兴、聂婧、陆春华负责研究过程的实施、数据收集;李霞负责文章的研究设计、论文修订和审校。

  • 基金资助:
    国家科技部重点研发计划(2023YFC36003200); 上海市疾病预防控制政策研究课题(2025JZ37)

Abstract:

Background

The incidence of cognitive impairment is rising year by year among middle-aged and elderly individuals, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear and effective treatments are lacking. Integrating multidimensional factors to construct a predictive model can enhance the early identification and intervention of high-risk populations for cognitive impairment.

Objective

To explore and construct a risk prediction model for cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults based on a biomarkers-genetic-environment multidimensional perspective.

Methods

A total of 2 243 middle-aged and elderly people in the community who underwent health examinations at Songjiang District Sijing Community Health Center of Shanghai from April to September 2021 were included as the research subjects. Their sociodemographic data, lifestyle, personal disease history and physical examination indicators were collected. The homocysteine (Hcy) concentration was measured by fully automatic biochemical analyzer to determine whether it was hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) gene sites rs429358 and rs7412 were detected by ligase detection reaction technology to determine the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Cognitive function was assessed using Two-tiered Cognitive Self-Assessment (TCSA), and the subjects were divided into normal cognitive group and cognitive impairment risk group according to the assessment results. The general data and physical examination indicators of the two groups were compared. The multivariate logistic stepwise regression method was used to screen independent predictors, and a nomogram prediction model for the risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people was constructed. The Bootstrap self-sampling method was used for internal validation to determine the accuracy of the prediction model.

Results

The incidence rate of cognitive impairment risk in the community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people was 16.72%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (OR=1.064, 95%CI=1.040-1.088, P<0.001), smoking (OR=1.746, 95%CI=1.277-2.386, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=2.584, 95%CI=1.761-3.793, P<0.001), stroke (OR=1.451, 95%CI=1.048-2.008, P=0.025), HHcy (OR=2.421, 95%CI=1.827-3.207, P<0.001) and E4 carrier (OR=2.034, 95%CI=1.473-2.808, P<0.001) were risk factors for cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people in the community, while long years of education (OR=0.922, 95%CI=0.893-0.952, P<0.001) and appropriate sleep duration (OR=0.614, 95%CI=0.470-0.802, P<0.001) were protective factors for cognitive impairment. The nomogram prediction model was constructed based on the influencing factors in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The consistency index of the model was 0.743 (95%CI=0.712-0.771) .

Conclusion

Years of education, smoking, adequate sleep, history of hypertension and stroke, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and E4 carrier are influencing factors for cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly people. A risk prediction model based on multi-dimensional prediction of "biomarkers-genetics-environment" can provide guidance for screening the risk of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people.

Key words: Cognitive impairment, Middle-aged and elderly adults, Two-tiered Cognitive Self-Assessment, Biomarkers-genetic-environment, Prediction model

摘要:

背景

认知障碍在中老年人群中的发生率逐年上升,其发病机制尚未完全阐明且缺乏有效治疗手段。通过整合多维度因素构建预测模型,能够提高认知障碍高危人群的早期识别与干预能力。

目的

基于"生物标志物-遗传-环境"多维度视角,探索并构建社区中老年人群发生认知障碍风险的预测模型。

方法

纳入2021年4—9月在上海市松江区泗泾镇社区卫生服务中心进行健康体检的2 243例社区中老年人为研究对象,收集研究对象社会人口学资料、生活方式、个人疾病史以及体格检查指标。采用全自动生化分析仪测定同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度,确定是否为高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy),采用连接酶反应技术检测单核苷酸多态性(SNP)基因位点rs429358和rs7412,确定载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因型;采用两步法自我认知筛查工具(TCSA)进行认知功能评估,并根据评估结果分为认知正常组和认知障碍风险组,比较两组一般资料和体格检查指标。采用多因素Logistic逐步回归方法筛选独立预测因子,并构建中老年人发生认知障碍风险的列线图预测模型,采用Bootstrap自抽样法进行内部验证,判断预测模型的准确性。

结果

2 243名中老年受试者中,认知正常组1 868人(83.28%),认知障碍风险组375人(16.72%)。两组年龄、受教育年限、腰臀比、锻炼、适宜睡眠、饮酒、吸烟、高血压、脑卒中、HHcy和E4携带比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄(OR=1.064,95%CI=1.040~1.088,P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.746,95%CI=1.277~2.386,P<0.001)、高血压(OR=2.584,95%CI=1.761~3.793,P<0.001)、脑卒中(OR=1.451,95%CI=1.048~2.008,P=0.025)、HHcy(OR=2.421,95%CI=1.827~3.207,P<0.001)和E4携带(OR=2.034,95%CI=1.473~2.808,P<0.001)是社区中老年人发生认知障碍的风险因素,受教育年限长(OR=0.922,95%CI=0.893~0.952,P<0.001)、适宜睡眠(OR=0.614,95%CI=0.470~0.802,P<0.001)是认知障碍发生的保护因素。基于多因素Logistic回归分析中的影响因素构建列线图预测模型,该模型的一致性指数为0.743(95%CI=0.712~0.771)。

结论

受教育年限、吸烟、适宜睡眠、高血压及脑卒中病史、HHcy及携带E4携带是中老年人发生认知障碍的影响因素,基于"生物标志物-遗传-环境"多维度的风险预测模型,可为社区中老年人发生认知障碍风险筛查提供指导。

关键词: 认知障碍, 中老年人, 两步法自我认知筛查工具, 生物标志物-遗传-环境, 预测模型