Chinese General Practice ›› 2024, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (06): 656-662.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0480

• Original Research • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Maternal Quality of Life and Influencing Factors in Rural China

  

  1. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • Received:2023-03-30 Revised:2023-08-31 Published:2024-02-20 Online:2023-11-21
  • Contact: XU Tingting

中国农村孕妇生命质量现状及影响因素研究

  

  1. 100069 北京市,首都医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 通讯作者: 徐婷婷
  • 作者简介:
    作者贡献:孙宇馨负责数据分析、论文撰写与修订;湛浩然负责对论文的讨论部分进行修改;阿依夏姆·克依木负责数据清理和分析;徐婷婷负责文章的构思、设计与修改,对文章整体负责。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(72204172)

Abstract:

Background

The development of maternal and child health requires reducing urban-rural, regional and group disparities in the health of women and children. Focusing on the quality of life of maternal women in rural areas and other low-income areas is of great significance to improve the inequalities in maternal and child health.

Objective

To analyze the current situation of maternal quality of life during pregnancy and its influencing factors in rural China.

Methods

From September 2018 to September 2019, a total of 3 329 pregnant women were selected from 6 county-level medical institutions in Shanxi Province, Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province (Zhaoyang District People's Hospital, Yiliang County People's Hospital, Pingchang County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Yingshan County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Ziyang County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, and Hanyin County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital) as the research objects to collect basic information of pregnant women. WHOQOL-BREF scale was used to investigate the quality of life of pregnant women. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of each dimension of the quality of life score.

Results

A total of 3 294 questionnaires were included, with a valid questionnaire rate of 98.94%. The average WHOQOL-BREF score of pregnant women was (81.99±11.01) points, and the social relation score was the highest among the 4 dimensions [ (69.13±12.46) points] , followed by the psychological dimension score [ (66.99±12.59) points] , physiological dimension score [ (65.40±12.62) points] , environmental dimension score [ (65.02±12.11) points] . Stratified comparison results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension, social relation dimension and environmental dimension among pregnant women of different ages, total annual income levels, places of residence, education levels and occupations (P<0.05) . The difference was statistically significant in psychological dimension score when comparing pregnant women with different preconception BMI (P<0.05) . There were significant differences in the scores of psychological dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with weight gain during different gestation periods (P<0.05) . The scores of psychological dimension, social relation dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with different medical insurance types were compared, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The score of environmental dimension of parturients was significantly lower than that of parturients (P<0.05) . The scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension and environmental dimension of pregnant women with exercise habit were higher than those of pregnant women without exercise habit, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, exercise habit, education level and occupation were the influencing factors of physiological dimension score (P<0.05) . Age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history, exercise habits, education level and medical insurance type were the influencing factors of psychological dimension score (P<0.05) . Age and exercise habit were the influencing factors of social relation dimension score (P<0.05) . Family history, weight gain during pregnancy, exercise habits, residence type, occupation, total annual income level and medical insurance type were the influencing factors of environmental dimension score (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

There is still much room for improvement in the quality of life of pregnant women in rural areas of China. In addition to individual factors such as age, parity, social factors such as place of residence and health insurance coverage are also significant influencing factors, improvement from the social perspective remains a priority for maternal and child health care in the future.

Key words: Pregnant women, Quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF, Rural health, Root cause analysis, China

摘要: 背景 妇幼健康发展需要缩小妇女儿童健康水平的城乡、区域、群体差距,聚焦农村等低收入地区孕妇生命质量对改善妇幼健康不平等具有重要意义。目的 分析中国农村孕妇妊娠期生命质量现状及其影响因素。方法 选取2018年9月—2019年9月就诊于陕西省、四川省和云南省6家县级医疗机构(昭阳区人民医院、彝良县人民医院、平昌县妇幼保健院、营山县妇幼保健院、紫阳县妇幼保健院、汉阴县妇幼保健院)3 329名孕妇作为研究对象,采集孕妇的基本信息。采用世界卫生组织生命质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)调查孕妇生命质量。采用多元线性回归分析探究孕妇生命质量各维度得分的影响因素。结果 共纳入3 294份问卷,有效回收率为98.94%。孕妇WHOQOL-BREF平均维度总得分为(81.99±11.01)分,4个维度中社会关系维度的得分最高[(69.13±12.46)分],其次为心理维度得分[(66.99±12.59)分]、生理维度得分[(65.40±12.62)分]、环境维度得分[(65.02±12.11)分]。分层比较结果显示,不同年龄、年总收入、居住地、受教育程度、职业孕妇的生理维度、心理维度、社会关系维度、环境维度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同孕前BMI孕妇心理维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同妊娠期增重孕妇心理维度、环境维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同医疗保险类型孕妇心理维度、社会关系维度、环境维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经产妇环境维度得分低于初产妇(P<0.05);有运动习惯孕妇生理维度、心理维度、环境维度得分高于无运动习惯孕妇(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、运动习惯、受教育程度、职业是生理维度得分的影响因素(P<0.05);年龄、孕前BMI、家族史、运动习惯、受教育程度、医疗保险类型是心理维度得分的影响因素(P<0.05);年龄、运动习惯是社会关系维度得分的影响因素(P<0.05);家族史、妊娠期增重、运动习惯、居住地类型、职业、年总收入、医疗保险类型是环境维度得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 中国农村地区孕妇妊娠期生命质量仍然存在较大提升空间,除年龄、产次等个体因素影响外,居住地、医疗保险覆盖等社会因素也是显著影响因素,从社会角度的改善仍然是今后妇幼保健工作的重点。

关键词: 孕妇, 生命质量, 世界卫生组织生命质量简表, 农村卫生, 影响因素分析, 中国