Abstract: Background Depression and anxiety are among the most frequently observed adverse emotional states in pregnant women. The inadequacy of mental health services and the paucity of external support often result in the psychological well-being of rural expectant mothers being overlooked，thereby exerting a profound impact on both maternal and neonatal health.Objective This study，adopting a socio-ecological framework，explores the emotional regulation experiences of rural pregnant women in China，aiming to furnish empirical insights that may inform early intervention strategies for primary healthcare practitioners.Methods A purposive sampling strategy was utilized to recruit rural pregnant women exhibiting negative emotional experiences from villages under the jurisdiction of Anda City，Suihua，Heilongjiang Province，and Honggang District，Daqing，Heilongjiang Province，during the period spanning October 1 to December 1，2023. Participants were enlisted through outreach medical consultations and maternal health record registration conducted by higher-tier maternal and child health institutions. Semi-structured interviews were employed for data collection，with information gathered via audio recordings and subsequently transcribed verbatim. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis through Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological framework，executed by two independent coders.Results A total of 13 participants were incorporated into the study. Through meticulous examination of the interview data，three principal themes and eleven subordinate sub-themes were delineated：（1）Microsystemic Level：The ramifications of somatic symptoms，amplified anxieties regarding childbirth，perturbations in self-perception，and substantive alterations in lifestyle.（2）Mesosystemic Level：The precipitous escalation in child-rearing expenditures，pronounced familial discord，and a dearth of peer support mechanisms.（3）Macrosystemic Level：Suboptimal healthcare encounters，insufficiencies in informational support，structural disequilibrium between service provision and demand，and intensifying societal pressures. Conclusion The emotional adversities confronted by rural pregnant women emanate from a constellation of interwoven determinants. Mitigating these psychological challenges necessitates a holistic and stratified approach that engages the expectant mothers themselves，their familial environments，and the grassroots medical infrastructure. Recognizing and refining the emotional regulation experiences of rural pregnant women through empirically substantiated，tailored interventions is paramount. Such efforts are pivotal in augmenting their emotional resilience and，consequently，advancing maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Key words: Pregnant women, Rural, Anxiety, Depression, Emotional experience, Society ecosystems theory, Qualitative study

摘要： 背景 抑郁和焦虑是孕妇较常见的负性情绪，心理健康服务以及外界支持的不足，常导致农村孕妇的心理健康问题未得到充分的重视，从而影响母婴的身心健康。目的 在社会生态系统视角下剖析中国农村孕妇情绪管理体验与经历，为基层卫生服务人员开展早期干预提供现实参考。方法 采用目的抽样法，于2023-10-01—12-01选取黑龙江省绥化市安达市下辖村、黑龙江省大庆市红岗区下辖村有负性情绪体验的农村孕妇为调查对象，通过上级妇幼保健机构下乡义诊巡诊以及建档立卡过程进行招募。对调查对象进行半结构式访谈，采用录音、文本转录进行资料收集，由2名独立编码员采用Colaizzi描述性分析框架进行分析。结果 共纳入13名调查对象，对访谈资料进行分析，共凝练出3个主题、11个亚主题：（1）微观系统层面：躯体症状影响、生育忧虑增加、自我形象紊乱、生活方式改变；（2）中观系统层面：养育成本剧增、家庭冲突凸显、同伴支持缺乏；（3）宏观系统层面：就医体验待改善、信息支持薄弱、供需对接失衡、社会压力增加。结论 农村孕妇面临的情绪问题是由多种因素引起的，解决中国农村孕妇情绪问题应该从孕妇自身、孕妇的家庭以及基层医务人员等多方面入手，重视农村孕妇的不良情绪管理体验，针对性地给予科学有效的指导与干预，以提高农村孕妇的情绪管理能力，促进母婴健康。

关键词: 孕妇, 农村, 焦虑, 抑郁, 情绪体验, 社会生态系统理论, 质性研究