With the changes in modern lifestyles and the acceleration of population aging, the incidence of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome has increased rapidly. However, research on cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains relatively limited. There is an urgent need for regionally representative epidemiological studies to obtain evidence, providing data support and a theoretical basis for formulating strategies and measures for chronic disease prevention and control.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of CKM syndrome in Haidian District, Beijing.

A total of 8 130 respondents from the 2024 Haidian District Adult Chronic Disease and Related Risk Factors Surveillance Program were included. Baseline data, physical examination results, and laboratory indicators were collected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), BMI, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were calculated. A multivariate Logistic regression model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of advanced CKM syndrome.

In the overall population, the prevalence of CKM syndrome stages 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and advanced CKM syndrome were 17.0% (95%CI=15.8%-18.3%), 22.2% (95%CI=20.8%-23.6%), 54.4% (95%CI=52.9%-55.9%), 2.8% (95%CI=2.3%-3.5%), 3.6% (95%CI=3.1%-4.1%), and 6.4% (95%CI=5.7%-7.2%), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in the total population, age groups 40-59 years (OR=4.52, 95%CI=2.18-9.38) and 60-79 years (OR=33.92, 95%CI=18.62-61.77), education level of junior high school (OR=2.02, 95%CI=1.20-3.42) and high school (OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.04-2.94), smoking (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.40-2.37), and sleep duration >9 h (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.04-1.78) were risk factors for advanced CKM syndrome (P<0.05). Being married (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.42-0.85) and excessive red meat intake (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.56-0.92) were protective factors (P<0.05). In the male population, age groups 40-59 years (OR=4.29, 95%CI=2.16-8.50) and 60-79 years (OR=26.75, 95%CI=14.24-50.23), education level of junior high school (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.06-3.54), smoking (OR=1.81, 95%CI=1.35-2.43), and sleep duration<7 h (OR=1.70, 95%CI=1.08-2.69) were risk factors (P<0.05); excessive red meat intake (OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.54-0.91) was a protective factor (P<0.05). Among females, age group 60-79 years (OR=37.08, 95%CI=11.86-115.93) and sleep duration >9 h (OR=1.73, 95%CI=1.16-2.58) were risk factors (P<0.05); being married (OR=0.41, 95%CI=0.22-0.75) was a protective factor (P<0.05).

The prevalence of CKM syndrome is high among the adult population in Haidian District, Beijing. Future efforts should prioritize monitoring and intervention in high-risk groups, including the elderly, males, smokers, unmarried individuals, those with excessive sleep duration, and those with insufficient red meat intake, by developing and implementing more effective public health policies to reduce the disease burden of CKM syndrome.