Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion. In China, it remains underrecognized, with limited epidemiological data, a high rate of missed diagnosis, and a lack of standardized training and clinical pathways in primary care. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) guidelines have recently incorporated a dedicated section on celiac disease, proposing a dual strategy that advises against general population screening while emphasizing active case-finding in high-risk individuals. This approach provides a relevant evidence-based reference for addressing diagnostic gaps in the Chinese context. Supported by international guidelines, targeted testing is recommended for individuals with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms, impaired growth in children, or associated autoimmune conditions. Initial screening with the highly sensitive serological marker anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody is widely advised, followed by duodenal biopsy as the diagnostic gold standard. A lifelong strict gluten-free diet is effective in improving quality of life and long-term prognosis. In light of the current situation in China, implementing a structured pathway for risk-based identification and case-finding in general practice is of urgent practical importance. Enhancing awareness and diagnostic competency among Chinese general practitioners can facilitate earlier detection, improve patient outcomes, and strengthen primary care support for the systematic management of celiac disease.