关键词: 猴痘, 皮肤病学, 疹, 诊断 治疗

Abstract: On July 23，2022 and August 14，2024，the World Health Organization（WHO）declared the daily outbreak of Monkeypox as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern（PHEIC）twice. While gay and bisexual men constituted the majority of cases in 2022，women and children under 15 years old were the primary victims of the 2024 outbreak. This paper examines the etiology，epidemiology，clinical manifestations，diagnosis，comorbidity screening，differential diagnosis，treatment and prevent of monkeypox in light of these two PHEICs. It particularly focuses on elucidating similarities and differences between the two outbreaks. Emphasizing changes in skin rash progression from macules to papules to vesicles to pustules to scabs is introduced for differential diagnosis purposes. The discussion also highlights dermatological perspectives on diagnosing and treating monkeypox with an aim to offer new insights for clinical prevention and treatment.

Key words: Monkeypox, Dermatology, Exanthema, Diagnosis, Treatment