原发性肝癌的流行病学及其危险因素研究进展

doi:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0479

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 原发性肝癌是世界上常见的恶性肿瘤之一，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。本文详述了目前我国原发性肝癌的流行病学情况、人群归因分值及其相关危险因素。本文通过检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库发现，乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒仍是原发性肝癌发病的主要危险因素。随着乙型肝炎病毒疫苗接种以及抗病毒治疗，我国原发性肝癌的发病率略有下降，但代谢性因素如糖尿病、肥胖和非酒精性脂肪性肝病等引起的原发性肝癌的发病率正逐步上升；吸烟、饮酒等也是重要的危险因素。本文综述了原发性肝癌的流行病学特点及危险因素，可为制订原发性肝癌防控措施提供切实有力的循证医学证据。

关键词: 肝肿瘤, 原发性肝癌, 流行病学, 危险因素, 人群归因分值, 综述

Abstract:

Primary liver cancer is one of the common cancers in the world and with extremely high morbidity and mortality. This paper details the current epidemiology of primary liver cancer, population attributable fractions and associated risk factors in China. In this paper, we found that hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are still the main risk factors for the development of primary liver cancer by searching the databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. With hepatitis B virus vaccination and antiviral treatment, the incidence of primary liver cancer in China has slightly decreased, but the incidence of primary liver cancer caused by metabolic factors such as diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is gradually increasing; smoking and alcohol consumption are also important risk factors. This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of primary liver cancer, which can provide practical evidence-based medicine evidence for the development of preventive and control measures for primary liver cancer.

Key words: Liver neoplasms, Primary liver cancer, Epidemiology, Risk factors, Population attribution fraction, Review

陈倩倩,芮法娟,倪文婧,等. 原发性肝癌的流行病学及其危险因素研究进展[J]. 中国全科医学, 2024, 27(06): 637-642. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0479.
CHEN Qianqian,RUI Fajuan,NI Wenjing, et al. Research Progress in Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer[J]. Chinese General Practice, 2024, 27(06): 637-642. DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0479.

图/表 2

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区域	发病率		死亡率
区域	例数	ASIR（1/10万）	例数	ASMR（1/10万）
所有区域	364 800	17.81	318 800	15.29
城市	192 200	16.13	166 100	13.64
农村	172 600	20.07	152 700	17.52
东部地区	122 900	15.31	152 700	13.52
中部地区	122 900	18.23	152 700	15.97
西部地区	116 100	20.85	96 200	16.98

区域	发病率		死亡率
区域	例数	ASIR（1/10万）	例数	ASMR（1/10万）
所有区域	364 800	17.81	318 800	15.29
城市	192 200	16.13	166 100	13.64
农村	172 600	20.07	152 700	17.52
东部地区	122 900	15.31	152 700	13.52
中部地区	122 900	18.23	152 700	15.97
西部地区	116 100	20.85	96 200	16.98

危险因素	总人群	男性	女性
HBV感染	53.2	55.6	46.5
HCV感染	17.0	17.4	15.9
吸烟	12.8	15.7	4.8
饮酒	7.9	10.3	1.6
DM	10.4	10.9	8.8
肥胖	11.0	10.3	13.0

危险因素	总人群	男性	女性
HBV感染	53.2	55.6	46.5
HCV感染	17.0	17.4	15.9
吸烟	12.8	15.7	4.8
饮酒	7.9	10.3	1.6
DM	10.4	10.9	8.8
肥胖	11.0	10.3	13.0