中国全科医学 ›› 2023, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (10): 1241-1249.DOI: 10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2022.0800

所属专题: 共病最新文章合集 老年问题最新文章合集

• 论著·认知障碍专题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年人主观认知下降与慢性病共病的相关性分析

宋银华1, 刘玉双2, 杨青1, 王诗镔3,4, 胡晴1, 郑春婵1, 张萍1,*()   

  1. 1.510515 广东省广州市,南方医科大学护理学院
    2.510550 广东省广州市,老年医院治疗中心神经内科
    3.510080 广东省广州市 广东省精神卫生中心公共卫生事业科
    4.510080 广东省广州市,广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)公共卫生事业科
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08 修回日期:2023-02-06 出版日期:2023-04-05 发布日期:2023-02-07
  • 通讯作者: 张萍
  • 宋银华,刘玉双,杨青,等.老年人主观认知下降与慢性病共病的相关性分析[J].中国全科医学,2023,26(10):1241-1249.[www.chinagp.net]

    作者贡献:宋银华负责数据整理及分析、论文撰写;刘玉双、王诗镔负责资源提供、研究监督和质量控制;宋银华、杨青、胡晴负责问卷质控、现场调查、质量控制和数据整理;郑春蝉参与问卷调查和数据整理;张萍负责研究监督、论文修订,对文章整体负责。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(81803302); 国家社会科学基金项目(19ZDA360); 2021年广东省联合培养研究生示范基地-广州市老人院; 广州市科技计划项目(202002030484)

Correlation of Subjective Cognitive Decline with Multimorbidity among Elderly People

SONG Yinhua1, LIU Yushuang2, YANG Qing1, WANG Shibin3,4, HU Qing1, ZHENG Chunchan1, ZHANG Ping1,*()   

  1. 1. School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
    2. Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Geriatric Hospital Treatment Center, Guangzhou 510550, China
    3. Department of Public Health, Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangzhou 510080, China
    4. Department of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2022-11-08 Revised:2023-02-06 Published:2023-04-05 Online:2023-02-07
  • Contact: ZHANG Ping
  • About author:
    SONG Y H, LIU Y S, YANG Q, et al. Correlation of subjective cognitive decline with multimorbidity among elderly people [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2023, 26 (10): 1241-1249.

摘要: 背景 主观认知下降(SCD)是阿尔茨海默病(AD)早期预防的目标阶段,AD与慢性病共病关系密切,但二者间相关性尚不十分明确。 目的 探究老年人SCD与慢性病共病的相关性,为AD早期预防和干预提供理论依据。 方法 于2021年1月至2022年6月,在广州市城市生活小区和养老机构以便利抽样法抽取≥60岁的老年人612例。采用基础版蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA-B)、临床痴呆量表(CDR)、Hachinski缺血指数量表(HIS)评定客观认知功能水平,通过SCD标准诊断框架和SCD问卷(SCD-Q9)进行分组,将整体客观认知水平无异常、符合SCD标准诊断框架和SCD-Q9≥5分的老年人分入SCD组,将整体客观认知功能无异常和SCD-Q9<5分的老年人为认知无异常(CN)组。采用一般资料问卷收集老年人的社会人口学(性别、年龄、居住地、受教育年限、婚姻状况、退休前职业类型、月收入)和健康相关资料〔体质指数、腰围、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、饮茶习惯、锻炼频率、午觉习惯及平均时长、睡眠质量、抑郁及焦虑症状、日常生活活动能力(ADL)〕,其中睡眠质量、抑郁症状、焦虑症状及ADL分别采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)、病人健康问卷抑郁自评量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)、ADL量表评估;收集老年人的慢性病史,按照疾病种数分为无慢性病共病水平(0~1种疾病)、低慢性病共病水平(2~4种疾病)和高慢性病共病水平(≥5种疾病)。采用二元Logistic回归探讨老年人慢性病共病对SCD的影响。 结果 本次调查的612例老年人中,SCD-Q9平均得分为(4.20±1.95)分,SCD组者250例(40.8%),CN组者362例(59.2%)。SCD组和CN组的性别、年龄、受教育年限、退休前职业类型、月收入、饮茶习惯、睡眠质量、抑郁症状、焦虑症状及ADL得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本次调查中患有慢性病者574例(93.8%),存在慢性病共病者475例(77.6%);低慢性病共病水平者352例(57.5%),高慢性病共病水平者123例(20.1%)。SCD组和CN组共病情况的比较中,慢性病共病状态、慢性病共病水平及糖尿病、关节炎、骨质疏松的检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示:年龄增长、睡眠质量差、有焦虑症状、ADL差、高慢性病共病水平为SCD的危险因素(P<0.05),其中,高慢性病共病水平的SCD发生风险是无慢性病共病水平的1.826〔95%CI为(1.037,3.216)〕倍;受教育年限长为SCD的保护因素(P<0.05)。 结论 高慢性病共病水平与SCD相关,是导致SCD的危险因素。社区和养老机构医护人员可将慢性病共病纳为认知功能下降的评估指标,协同实施慢性病共病及相关因素的管理,积极识别和干预SCD,以延缓老年人AD发生发展,推进健康老龄化。

关键词: 主观认知下降, 阿尔茨海默病, 慢性病共病, 老年人, 早期预防, 影响因素分析

Abstract:

Background

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a target for early prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is closely related to multimorbidity, but the correlation of SCD with multimorbidity has not been well defined.

Objective

To investigate the correlation between SCD and multimorbidity in the elderly, providing a theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention of AD.

Methods

From January 2021 to June 2022, 612 elderly people aged≥60 years were sampled by convenience sampling method in urban communities and elderly care institutions in Guangzhou. The objective cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-BC), Chinese version of Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR-C), and Chinese version of Hachinski Ischemic Scale (HIS-C). SCD was diagnosed using the conceptual framework proposed by the working group of the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative and Chinese version of Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9-C). Then according to the assessment results, participants were divided into SCD group (having normal overall objective cognitive function, SCD and SCD-Q9-C score≥5) and normal cognitive (NC) group (having normal overall objective cognitive function, and SCD-Q9-C score<5). A general information questionnaire to collect socio-demographics〔gender, age, place of residence (community or elderly care institution), years of education, marital status, type of occupation before retirement, monthly income〕and health-related information〔body mass index, waist circumference, habits of smoking, alcohol consumption and drinking tea, exercise frequency, habit and average duration of siesta, sleep quality assessed using the Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-C), depressive symptoms assessed using the Chinese version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9-C), anxiety symptoms assessed using the Chinese version of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7-C), and activities of daily living (ADLs) assessed using the ADL Scale for Chinese Adults〕. Besides, another questionnaire to collect the history of chronic illness. The level of multimorbidity was classified into three categories〔no multimorbidity (0-1), low multimorbidity (2-4) and high multimorbidity (≥5) 〕by the number of chronic conditions. A binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the effect of multimorbidity on the SCD.

Results

The mean SCD-Q9-C score was (4.20±1.95) in 612 elderly people in this survey. Two hundred and fifty cases (40.8%) and 362 cases (59.2%) were assigned to the SCD group, and NC group, respectively. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in gender, age, years of education, type of occupation before retirement, monthly income, tea drinking habits, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and ADL scores between SCD and NC groups (P<0.05). Five hundred and seventy-four cases (93.8%) had chronic diseases, and 475 (77.6%) of them had multimorbidity, including 352 (57.5%) with low multimorbidity level and 123 (20.1%) with high multimorbidity level. The differences in multimorbidity prevalence, multimorbidity level, diabetes, arthritis and osteoporosis between SCD and NC groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, poor sleep quality, presence of anxiety symptoms, poor ADLs, and high level of multimorbidity were statistically significant risk factors for SCD (P<0.05), with the risk of SCD being 1.826〔95%CI (1.037, 3.216) 〕times higher for high multimorbidity level than for no multimorbidity (P<0.05). Longer years of education was a protective factor for SCD (P<0.05) .

Conclusion

High multimorbidity level is associated with increased risk of SCD. Community and elderly care providers can use multimorbidity as an assessment indicator of cognitive decline, and collaboratively implement management of multimorbidity and related factors to actively identify and intervene in SCD in order to delay the development of AD in older adults and promote healthy ageing.

Key words: Subjective cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple chronic conditions, Aged, Early prevention, Root cause analysis